Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

12,601–12,700 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
12,601	930.05	450.05	90.831	150000.0	1
12,602	930.1	450.05	90.835	150000.0	1
12,603	930.15	450.05	90.839	150000.0	1
12,604	930.2	450.05	90.843	150000.0	1
12,605	930.25	450.05	90.847	150000.0	1
12,606	930.3	450.05	90.851	150000.0	1
12,607	930.35	450.05	90.855	150000.0	1
12,608	930.4	450.05	90.859	150000.0	1
12,609	930.45	450.05	90.863	150000.0	1
12,610	930.5	450.05	90.867	150000.0	1
12,611	930.55	450.05	90.871	150000.0	1
12,612	930.6	450.05	90.876	150000.0	1
12,613	930.65	450.05	90.88	150000.0	1
12,614	930.7	450.05	90.884	150000.0	1
12,615	930.75	450.05	90.888	150000.0	1
12,616	930.8	450.05	90.892	150000.0	1
12,617	930.85	450.05	90.896	150000.0	1
12,618	930.9	450.05	90.9	150000.0	1
12,619	930.95	450.05	90.904	150000.0	1
12,620	931.0	450.05	90.908	150000.0	1
12,621	931.05	450.05	90.912	150000.0	1
12,622	931.1	450.05	90.916	150000.0	1
12,623	931.15	450.05	90.92	150000.0	1
12,624	931.2	450.05	90.924	150000.0	1
12,625	931.25	450.05	90.928	150000.0	1
12,626	931.3	450.05	90.932	150000.0	1
12,627	931.35	450.05	90.937	150000.0	1
12,628	931.4	450.05	90.941	150000.0	1
12,629	931.45	450.05	90.945	150000.0	1
12,630	931.5	450.05	90.949	150000.0	1
12,631	931.55	450.05	90.953	150000.0	1
12,632	931.6	450.05	90.957	150000.0	1
12,633	931.65	450.05	90.961	150000.0	1
12,634	931.7	450.05	90.965	150000.0	1
12,635	931.75	450.05	90.969	150000.0	1
12,636	931.8	450.05	90.973	150000.0	1
12,637	931.85	450.05	90.977	150000.0	1
12,638	931.9	450.05	90.981	150000.0	1
12,639	931.95	450.05	90.985	150000.0	1
12,640	932.0	450.05	90.989	150000.0	1
12,641	932.05	450.05	90.994	150000.0	1
12,642	932.1	450.05	90.998	150000.0	1
12,643	932.15	450.05	91.002	150000.0	1
12,644	932.2	450.05	91.006	150000.0	1
12,645	932.25	450.05	91.01	150000.0	1
12,646	932.3	450.05	91.014	150000.0	1
12,647	932.35	450.05	91.018	150000.0	1
12,648	932.4	450.05	91.022	150000.0	1
12,649	932.45	450.05	91.026	150000.0	1
12,650	932.5	450.05	91.03	150000.0	1
12,651	932.55	450.05	91.034	150000.0	1
12,652	932.6	450.05	91.038	150000.0	1
12,653	932.65	450.05	91.042	150000.0	1
12,654	932.7	450.05	91.046	150000.0	1
12,655	932.75	450.05	91.05	150000.0	1
12,656	932.8	450.05	91.055	150000.0	1
12,657	932.85	450.05	91.059	150000.0	1
12,658	932.9	450.05	91.063	150000.0	1
12,659	932.95	450.05	91.067	150000.0	1
12,660	933.0	450.05	91.071	150000.0	1
12,661	933.05	450.05	91.075	150000.0	1
12,662	933.1	450.05	91.079	150000.0	1
12,663	933.15	450.05	91.083	150000.0	1
12,664	933.2	450.05	91.087	150000.0	1
12,665	933.25	450.05	91.091	150000.0	1
12,666	933.3	450.05	91.095	150000.0	1
12,667	933.35	450.05	91.099	150000.0	1
12,668	933.4	450.05	91.103	150000.0	1
12,669	933.45	450.05	91.107	150000.0	1
12,670	933.5	450.05	91.111	150000.0	1
12,671	933.55	450.05	91.116	150000.0	1
12,672	933.6	450.05	91.12	150000.0	1
12,673	933.65	450.05	91.124	150000.0	1
12,674	933.7	450.05	91.128	150000.0	1
12,675	933.75	450.05	91.132	150000.0	1
12,676	933.8	450.05	91.136	150000.0	1
12,677	933.85	450.05	91.14	150000.0	1
12,678	933.9	450.05	91.144	150000.0	1
12,679	933.95	450.05	91.148	150000.0	1
12,680	934.0	450.05	91.152	150000.0	1
12,681	934.05	450.05	91.156	150000.0	1
12,682	934.1	450.05	91.16	150000.0	1
12,683	934.15	450.05	91.164	150000.0	1
12,684	934.2	450.05	91.168	150000.0	1
12,685	934.25	450.05	91.173	150000.0	1
12,686	934.3	450.05	91.177	150000.0	1
12,687	934.35	450.05	91.181	150000.0	1
12,688	934.4	450.05	91.185	150000.0	1
12,689	934.45	450.05	91.189	150000.0	1
12,690	934.5	450.05	91.193	150000.0	1
12,691	934.55	450.05	91.197	150000.0	1
12,692	934.6	450.05	91.201	150000.0	1
12,693	934.65	450.05	91.205	150000.0	1
12,694	934.7	450.05	91.209	150000.0	1
12,695	934.75	450.05	91.213	150000.0	1
12,696	934.8	450.05	91.217	150000.0	1
12,697	934.85	450.05	91.221	150000.0	1
12,698	934.9	450.05	91.225	150000.0	1
12,699	934.95	450.05	91.229	150000.0	1
12,700	935.0	450.05	91.234	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →