Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

12,401–12,500 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
12,401	920.05	450.05	90.017	150000.0	1
12,402	920.1	450.05	90.021	150000.0	1
12,403	920.15	450.05	90.025	150000.0	1
12,404	920.2	450.05	90.029	150000.0	1
12,405	920.25	450.05	90.033	150000.0	1
12,406	920.3	450.05	90.038	150000.0	1
12,407	920.35	450.05	90.042	150000.0	1
12,408	920.4	450.05	90.046	150000.0	1
12,409	920.45	450.05	90.05	150000.0	1
12,410	920.5	450.05	90.054	150000.0	1
12,411	920.55	450.05	90.058	150000.0	1
12,412	920.6	450.05	90.062	150000.0	1
12,413	920.65	450.05	90.066	150000.0	1
12,414	920.7	450.05	90.07	150000.0	1
12,415	920.75	450.05	90.074	150000.0	1
12,416	920.8	450.05	90.078	150000.0	1
12,417	920.85	450.05	90.082	150000.0	1
12,418	920.9	450.05	90.086	150000.0	1
12,419	920.95	450.05	90.09	150000.0	1
12,420	921.0	450.05	90.094	150000.0	1
12,421	921.05	450.05	90.099	150000.0	1
12,422	921.1	450.05	90.103	150000.0	1
12,423	921.15	450.05	90.107	150000.0	1
12,424	921.2	450.05	90.111	150000.0	1
12,425	921.25	450.05	90.115	150000.0	1
12,426	921.3	450.05	90.119	150000.0	1
12,427	921.35	450.05	90.123	150000.0	1
12,428	921.4	450.05	90.127	150000.0	1
12,429	921.45	450.05	90.131	150000.0	1
12,430	921.5	450.05	90.135	150000.0	1
12,431	921.55	450.05	90.139	150000.0	1
12,432	921.6	450.05	90.143	150000.0	1
12,433	921.65	450.05	90.147	150000.0	1
12,434	921.7	450.05	90.151	150000.0	1
12,435	921.75	450.05	90.155	150000.0	1
12,436	921.8	450.05	90.16	150000.0	1
12,437	921.85	450.05	90.164	150000.0	1
12,438	921.9	450.05	90.168	150000.0	1
12,439	921.95	450.05	90.172	150000.0	1
12,440	922.0	450.05	90.176	150000.0	1
12,441	922.05	450.05	90.18	150000.0	1
12,442	922.1	450.05	90.184	150000.0	1
12,443	922.15	450.05	90.188	150000.0	1
12,444	922.2	450.05	90.192	150000.0	1
12,445	922.25	450.05	90.196	150000.0	1
12,446	922.3	450.05	90.2	150000.0	1
12,447	922.35	450.05	90.204	150000.0	1
12,448	922.4	450.05	90.208	150000.0	1
12,449	922.45	450.05	90.212	150000.0	1
12,450	922.5	450.05	90.217	150000.0	1
12,451	922.55	450.05	90.221	150000.0	1
12,452	922.6	450.05	90.225	150000.0	1
12,453	922.65	450.05	90.229	150000.0	1
12,454	922.7	450.05	90.233	150000.0	1
12,455	922.75	450.05	90.237	150000.0	1
12,456	922.8	450.05	90.241	150000.0	1
12,457	922.85	450.05	90.245	150000.0	1
12,458	922.9	450.05	90.249	150000.0	1
12,459	922.95	450.05	90.253	150000.0	1
12,460	923.0	450.05	90.257	150000.0	1
12,461	923.05	450.05	90.261	150000.0	1
12,462	923.1	450.05	90.265	150000.0	1
12,463	923.15	450.05	90.269	150000.0	1
12,464	923.2	450.05	90.273	150000.0	1
12,465	923.25	450.05	90.278	150000.0	1
12,466	923.3	450.05	90.282	150000.0	1
12,467	923.35	450.05	90.286	150000.0	1
12,468	923.4	450.05	90.29	150000.0	1
12,469	923.45	450.05	90.294	150000.0	1
12,470	923.5	450.05	90.298	150000.0	1
12,471	923.55	450.05	90.302	150000.0	1
12,472	923.6	450.05	90.306	150000.0	1
12,473	923.65	450.05	90.31	150000.0	1
12,474	923.7	450.05	90.314	150000.0	1
12,475	923.75	450.05	90.318	150000.0	1
12,476	923.8	450.05	90.322	150000.0	1
12,477	923.85	450.05	90.326	150000.0	1
12,478	923.9	450.05	90.33	150000.0	1
12,479	923.95	450.05	90.334	150000.0	1
12,480	924.0	450.05	90.339	150000.0	1
12,481	924.05	450.05	90.343	150000.0	1
12,482	924.1	450.05	90.347	150000.0	1
12,483	924.15	450.05	90.351	150000.0	1
12,484	924.2	450.05	90.355	150000.0	1
12,485	924.25	450.05	90.359	150000.0	1
12,486	924.3	450.05	90.363	150000.0	1
12,487	924.35	450.05	90.367	150000.0	1
12,488	924.4	450.05	90.371	150000.0	1
12,489	924.45	450.05	90.375	150000.0	1
12,490	924.5	450.05	90.379	150000.0	1
12,491	924.55	450.05	90.383	150000.0	1
12,492	924.6	450.05	90.387	150000.0	1
12,493	924.65	450.05	90.391	150000.0	1
12,494	924.7	450.05	90.396	150000.0	1
12,495	924.75	450.05	90.4	150000.0	1
12,496	924.8	450.05	90.404	150000.0	1
12,497	924.85	450.05	90.408	150000.0	1
12,498	924.9	450.05	90.412	150000.0	1
12,499	924.95	450.05	90.416	150000.0	1
12,500	925.0	450.05	90.42	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →