Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

12,301–12,400 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
12,301	915.05	450.05	89.61	150000.0	1
12,302	915.1	450.05	89.614	150000.0	1
12,303	915.15	450.05	89.618	150000.0	1
12,304	915.2	450.05	89.623	150000.0	1
12,305	915.25	450.05	89.627	150000.0	1
12,306	915.3	450.05	89.631	150000.0	1
12,307	915.35	450.05	89.635	150000.0	1
12,308	915.4	450.05	89.639	150000.0	1
12,309	915.45	450.05	89.643	150000.0	1
12,310	915.5	450.05	89.647	150000.0	1
12,311	915.55	450.05	89.651	150000.0	1
12,312	915.6	450.05	89.655	150000.0	1
12,313	915.65	450.05	89.659	150000.0	1
12,314	915.7	450.05	89.663	150000.0	1
12,315	915.75	450.05	89.667	150000.0	1
12,316	915.8	450.05	89.671	150000.0	1
12,317	915.85	450.05	89.675	150000.0	1
12,318	915.9	450.05	89.68	150000.0	1
12,319	915.95	450.05	89.684	150000.0	1
12,320	916.0	450.05	89.688	150000.0	1
12,321	916.05	450.05	89.692	150000.0	1
12,322	916.1	450.05	89.696	150000.0	1
12,323	916.15	450.05	89.7	150000.0	1
12,324	916.2	450.05	89.704	150000.0	1
12,325	916.25	450.05	89.708	150000.0	1
12,326	916.3	450.05	89.712	150000.0	1
12,327	916.35	450.05	89.716	150000.0	1
12,328	916.4	450.05	89.72	150000.0	1
12,329	916.45	450.05	89.724	150000.0	1
12,330	916.5	450.05	89.728	150000.0	1
12,331	916.55	450.05	89.732	150000.0	1
12,332	916.6	450.05	89.736	150000.0	1
12,333	916.65	450.05	89.741	150000.0	1
12,334	916.7	450.05	89.745	150000.0	1
12,335	916.75	450.05	89.749	150000.0	1
12,336	916.8	450.05	89.753	150000.0	1
12,337	916.85	450.05	89.757	150000.0	1
12,338	916.9	450.05	89.761	150000.0	1
12,339	916.95	450.05	89.765	150000.0	1
12,340	917.0	450.05	89.769	150000.0	1
12,341	917.05	450.05	89.773	150000.0	1
12,342	917.1	450.05	89.777	150000.0	1
12,343	917.15	450.05	89.781	150000.0	1
12,344	917.2	450.05	89.785	150000.0	1
12,345	917.25	450.05	89.789	150000.0	1
12,346	917.3	450.05	89.793	150000.0	1
12,347	917.35	450.05	89.797	150000.0	1
12,348	917.4	450.05	89.802	150000.0	1
12,349	917.45	450.05	89.806	150000.0	1
12,350	917.5	450.05	89.81	150000.0	1
12,351	917.55	450.05	89.814	150000.0	1
12,352	917.6	450.05	89.818	150000.0	1
12,353	917.65	450.05	89.822	150000.0	1
12,354	917.7	450.05	89.826	150000.0	1
12,355	917.75	450.05	89.83	150000.0	1
12,356	917.8	450.05	89.834	150000.0	1
12,357	917.85	450.05	89.838	150000.0	1
12,358	917.9	450.05	89.842	150000.0	1
12,359	917.95	450.05	89.846	150000.0	1
12,360	918.0	450.05	89.85	150000.0	1
12,361	918.05	450.05	89.854	150000.0	1
12,362	918.1	450.05	89.859	150000.0	1
12,363	918.15	450.05	89.863	150000.0	1
12,364	918.2	450.05	89.867	150000.0	1
12,365	918.25	450.05	89.871	150000.0	1
12,366	918.3	450.05	89.875	150000.0	1
12,367	918.35	450.05	89.879	150000.0	1
12,368	918.4	450.05	89.883	150000.0	1
12,369	918.45	450.05	89.887	150000.0	1
12,370	918.5	450.05	89.891	150000.0	1
12,371	918.55	450.05	89.895	150000.0	1
12,372	918.6	450.05	89.899	150000.0	1
12,373	918.65	450.05	89.903	150000.0	1
12,374	918.7	450.05	89.907	150000.0	1
12,375	918.75	450.05	89.911	150000.0	1
12,376	918.8	450.05	89.915	150000.0	1
12,377	918.85	450.05	89.92	150000.0	1
12,378	918.9	450.05	89.924	150000.0	1
12,379	918.95	450.05	89.928	150000.0	1
12,380	919.0	450.05	89.932	150000.0	1
12,381	919.05	450.05	89.936	150000.0	1
12,382	919.1	450.05	89.94	150000.0	1
12,383	919.15	450.05	89.944	150000.0	1
12,384	919.2	450.05	89.948	150000.0	1
12,385	919.25	450.05	89.952	150000.0	1
12,386	919.3	450.05	89.956	150000.0	1
12,387	919.35	450.05	89.96	150000.0	1
12,388	919.4	450.05	89.964	150000.0	1
12,389	919.45	450.05	89.968	150000.0	1
12,390	919.5	450.05	89.972	150000.0	1
12,391	919.55	450.05	89.976	150000.0	1
12,392	919.6	450.05	89.981	150000.0	1
12,393	919.65	450.05	89.985	150000.0	1
12,394	919.7	450.05	89.989	150000.0	1
12,395	919.75	450.05	89.993	150000.0	1
12,396	919.8	450.05	89.997	150000.0	1
12,397	919.85	450.05	90.001	150000.0	1
12,398	919.9	450.05	90.005	150000.0	1
12,399	919.95	450.05	90.009	150000.0	1
12,400	920.0	450.05	90.013	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →