Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

12,201–12,300 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
12,201	910.05	450.05	89.204	150000.0	1
12,202	910.1	450.05	89.208	150000.0	1
12,203	910.15	450.05	89.212	150000.0	1
12,204	910.2	450.05	89.216	150000.0	1
12,205	910.25	450.05	89.22	150000.0	1
12,206	910.3	450.05	89.224	150000.0	1
12,207	910.35	450.05	89.228	150000.0	1
12,208	910.4	450.05	89.232	150000.0	1
12,209	910.45	450.05	89.236	150000.0	1
12,210	910.5	450.05	89.24	150000.0	1
12,211	910.55	450.05	89.244	150000.0	1
12,212	910.6	450.05	89.248	150000.0	1
12,213	910.65	450.05	89.252	150000.0	1
12,214	910.7	450.05	89.256	150000.0	1
12,215	910.75	450.05	89.26	150000.0	1
12,216	910.8	450.05	89.265	150000.0	1
12,217	910.85	450.05	89.269	150000.0	1
12,218	910.9	450.05	89.273	150000.0	1
12,219	910.95	450.05	89.277	150000.0	1
12,220	911.0	450.05	89.281	150000.0	1
12,221	911.05	450.05	89.285	150000.0	1
12,222	911.1	450.05	89.289	150000.0	1
12,223	911.15	450.05	89.293	150000.0	1
12,224	911.2	450.05	89.297	150000.0	1
12,225	911.25	450.05	89.301	150000.0	1
12,226	911.3	450.05	89.305	150000.0	1
12,227	911.35	450.05	89.309	150000.0	1
12,228	911.4	450.05	89.313	150000.0	1
12,229	911.45	450.05	89.317	150000.0	1
12,230	911.5	450.05	89.322	150000.0	1
12,231	911.55	450.05	89.326	150000.0	1
12,232	911.6	450.05	89.33	150000.0	1
12,233	911.65	450.05	89.334	150000.0	1
12,234	911.7	450.05	89.338	150000.0	1
12,235	911.75	450.05	89.342	150000.0	1
12,236	911.8	450.05	89.346	150000.0	1
12,237	911.85	450.05	89.35	150000.0	1
12,238	911.9	450.05	89.354	150000.0	1
12,239	911.95	450.05	89.358	150000.0	1
12,240	912.0	450.05	89.362	150000.0	1
12,241	912.05	450.05	89.366	150000.0	1
12,242	912.1	450.05	89.37	150000.0	1
12,243	912.15	450.05	89.374	150000.0	1
12,244	912.2	450.05	89.378	150000.0	1
12,245	912.25	450.05	89.383	150000.0	1
12,246	912.3	450.05	89.387	150000.0	1
12,247	912.35	450.05	89.391	150000.0	1
12,248	912.4	450.05	89.395	150000.0	1
12,249	912.45	450.05	89.399	150000.0	1
12,250	912.5	450.05	89.403	150000.0	1
12,251	912.55	450.05	89.407	150000.0	1
12,252	912.6	450.05	89.411	150000.0	1
12,253	912.65	450.05	89.415	150000.0	1
12,254	912.7	450.05	89.419	150000.0	1
12,255	912.75	450.05	89.423	150000.0	1
12,256	912.8	450.05	89.427	150000.0	1
12,257	912.85	450.05	89.431	150000.0	1
12,258	912.9	450.05	89.435	150000.0	1
12,259	912.95	450.05	89.439	150000.0	1
12,260	913.0	450.05	89.444	150000.0	1
12,261	913.05	450.05	89.448	150000.0	1
12,262	913.1	450.05	89.452	150000.0	1
12,263	913.15	450.05	89.456	150000.0	1
12,264	913.2	450.05	89.46	150000.0	1
12,265	913.25	450.05	89.464	150000.0	1
12,266	913.3	450.05	89.468	150000.0	1
12,267	913.35	450.05	89.472	150000.0	1
12,268	913.4	450.05	89.476	150000.0	1
12,269	913.45	450.05	89.48	150000.0	1
12,270	913.5	450.05	89.484	150000.0	1
12,271	913.55	450.05	89.488	150000.0	1
12,272	913.6	450.05	89.492	150000.0	1
12,273	913.65	450.05	89.496	150000.0	1
12,274	913.7	450.05	89.501	150000.0	1
12,275	913.75	450.05	89.505	150000.0	1
12,276	913.8	450.05	89.509	150000.0	1
12,277	913.85	450.05	89.513	150000.0	1
12,278	913.9	450.05	89.517	150000.0	1
12,279	913.95	450.05	89.521	150000.0	1
12,280	914.0	450.05	89.525	150000.0	1
12,281	914.05	450.05	89.529	150000.0	1
12,282	914.1	450.05	89.533	150000.0	1
12,283	914.15	450.05	89.537	150000.0	1
12,284	914.2	450.05	89.541	150000.0	1
12,285	914.25	450.05	89.545	150000.0	1
12,286	914.3	450.05	89.549	150000.0	1
12,287	914.35	450.05	89.553	150000.0	1
12,288	914.4	450.05	89.557	150000.0	1
12,289	914.45	450.05	89.562	150000.0	1
12,290	914.5	450.05	89.566	150000.0	1
12,291	914.55	450.05	89.57	150000.0	1
12,292	914.6	450.05	89.574	150000.0	1
12,293	914.65	450.05	89.578	150000.0	1
12,294	914.7	450.05	89.582	150000.0	1
12,295	914.75	450.05	89.586	150000.0	1
12,296	914.8	450.05	89.59	150000.0	1
12,297	914.85	450.05	89.594	150000.0	1
12,298	914.9	450.05	89.598	150000.0	1
12,299	914.95	450.05	89.602	150000.0	1
12,300	915.0	450.05	89.606	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →