Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

12,001–12,100 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
12,001	900.05	450.05	88.39	150000.0	1
12,002	900.1	450.05	88.394	150000.0	1
12,003	900.15	450.05	88.398	150000.0	1
12,004	900.2	450.05	88.402	150000.0	1
12,005	900.25	450.05	88.406	150000.0	1
12,006	900.3	450.05	88.41	150000.0	1
12,007	900.35	450.05	88.414	150000.0	1
12,008	900.4	450.05	88.418	150000.0	1
12,009	900.45	450.05	88.422	150000.0	1
12,010	900.5	450.05	88.427	150000.0	1
12,011	900.55	450.05	88.431	150000.0	1
12,012	900.6	450.05	88.435	150000.0	1
12,013	900.65	450.05	88.439	150000.0	1
12,014	900.7	450.05	88.443	150000.0	1
12,015	900.75	450.05	88.447	150000.0	1
12,016	900.8	450.05	88.451	150000.0	1
12,017	900.85	450.05	88.455	150000.0	1
12,018	900.9	450.05	88.459	150000.0	1
12,019	900.95	450.05	88.463	150000.0	1
12,020	901.0	450.05	88.467	150000.0	1
12,021	901.05	450.05	88.471	150000.0	1
12,022	901.1	450.05	88.475	150000.0	1
12,023	901.15	450.05	88.479	150000.0	1
12,024	901.2	450.05	88.483	150000.0	1
12,025	901.25	450.05	88.488	150000.0	1
12,026	901.3	450.05	88.492	150000.0	1
12,027	901.35	450.05	88.496	150000.0	1
12,028	901.4	450.05	88.5	150000.0	1
12,029	901.45	450.05	88.504	150000.0	1
12,030	901.5	450.05	88.508	150000.0	1
12,031	901.55	450.05	88.512	150000.0	1
12,032	901.6	450.05	88.516	150000.0	1
12,033	901.65	450.05	88.52	150000.0	1
12,034	901.7	450.05	88.524	150000.0	1
12,035	901.75	450.05	88.528	150000.0	1
12,036	901.8	450.05	88.532	150000.0	1
12,037	901.85	450.05	88.536	150000.0	1
12,038	901.9	450.05	88.54	150000.0	1
12,039	901.95	450.05	88.544	150000.0	1
12,040	902.0	450.05	88.549	150000.0	1
12,041	902.05	450.05	88.553	150000.0	1
12,042	902.1	450.05	88.557	150000.0	1
12,043	902.15	450.05	88.561	150000.0	1
12,044	902.2	450.05	88.565	150000.0	1
12,045	902.25	450.05	88.569	150000.0	1
12,046	902.3	450.05	88.573	150000.0	1
12,047	902.35	450.05	88.577	150000.0	1
12,048	902.4	450.05	88.581	150000.0	1
12,049	902.45	450.05	88.585	150000.0	1
12,050	902.5	450.05	88.589	150000.0	1
12,051	902.55	450.05	88.593	150000.0	1
12,052	902.6	450.05	88.597	150000.0	1
12,053	902.65	450.05	88.601	150000.0	1
12,054	902.7	450.05	88.606	150000.0	1
12,055	902.75	450.05	88.61	150000.0	1
12,056	902.8	450.05	88.614	150000.0	1
12,057	902.85	450.05	88.618	150000.0	1
12,058	902.9	450.05	88.622	150000.0	1
12,059	902.95	450.05	88.626	150000.0	1
12,060	903.0	450.05	88.63	150000.0	1
12,061	903.05	450.05	88.634	150000.0	1
12,062	903.1	450.05	88.638	150000.0	1
12,063	903.15	450.05	88.642	150000.0	1
12,064	903.2	450.05	88.646	150000.0	1
12,065	903.25	450.05	88.65	150000.0	1
12,066	903.3	450.05	88.654	150000.0	1
12,067	903.35	450.05	88.658	150000.0	1
12,068	903.4	450.05	88.662	150000.0	1
12,069	903.45	450.05	88.667	150000.0	1
12,070	903.5	450.05	88.671	150000.0	1
12,071	903.55	450.05	88.675	150000.0	1
12,072	903.6	450.05	88.679	150000.0	1
12,073	903.65	450.05	88.683	150000.0	1
12,074	903.7	450.05	88.687	150000.0	1
12,075	903.75	450.05	88.691	150000.0	1
12,076	903.8	450.05	88.695	150000.0	1
12,077	903.85	450.05	88.699	150000.0	1
12,078	903.9	450.05	88.703	150000.0	1
12,079	903.95	450.05	88.707	150000.0	1
12,080	904.0	450.05	88.711	150000.0	1
12,081	904.05	450.05	88.715	150000.0	1
12,082	904.1	450.05	88.719	150000.0	1
12,083	904.15	450.05	88.723	150000.0	1
12,084	904.2	450.05	88.728	150000.0	1
12,085	904.25	450.05	88.732	150000.0	1
12,086	904.3	450.05	88.736	150000.0	1
12,087	904.35	450.05	88.74	150000.0	1
12,088	904.4	450.05	88.744	150000.0	1
12,089	904.45	450.05	88.748	150000.0	1
12,090	904.5	450.05	88.752	150000.0	1
12,091	904.55	450.05	88.756	150000.0	1
12,092	904.6	450.05	88.76	150000.0	1
12,093	904.65	450.05	88.764	150000.0	1
12,094	904.7	450.05	88.768	150000.0	1
12,095	904.75	450.05	88.772	150000.0	1
12,096	904.8	450.05	88.776	150000.0	1
12,097	904.85	450.05	88.78	150000.0	1
12,098	904.9	450.05	88.785	150000.0	1
12,099	904.95	450.05	88.789	150000.0	1
12,100	905.0	450.05	88.793	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →