Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

12,101–12,200 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
12,101	905.05	450.05	88.797	150000.0	1
12,102	905.1	450.05	88.801	150000.0	1
12,103	905.15	450.05	88.805	150000.0	1
12,104	905.2	450.05	88.809	150000.0	1
12,105	905.25	450.05	88.813	150000.0	1
12,106	905.3	450.05	88.817	150000.0	1
12,107	905.35	450.05	88.821	150000.0	1
12,108	905.4	450.05	88.825	150000.0	1
12,109	905.45	450.05	88.829	150000.0	1
12,110	905.5	450.05	88.833	150000.0	1
12,111	905.55	450.05	88.837	150000.0	1
12,112	905.6	450.05	88.841	150000.0	1
12,113	905.65	450.05	88.846	150000.0	1
12,114	905.7	450.05	88.85	150000.0	1
12,115	905.75	450.05	88.854	150000.0	1
12,116	905.8	450.05	88.858	150000.0	1
12,117	905.85	450.05	88.862	150000.0	1
12,118	905.9	450.05	88.866	150000.0	1
12,119	905.95	450.05	88.87	150000.0	1
12,120	906.0	450.05	88.874	150000.0	1
12,121	906.05	450.05	88.878	150000.0	1
12,122	906.1	450.05	88.882	150000.0	1
12,123	906.15	450.05	88.886	150000.0	1
12,124	906.2	450.05	88.89	150000.0	1
12,125	906.25	450.05	88.894	150000.0	1
12,126	906.3	450.05	88.898	150000.0	1
12,127	906.35	450.05	88.902	150000.0	1
12,128	906.4	450.05	88.907	150000.0	1
12,129	906.45	450.05	88.911	150000.0	1
12,130	906.5	450.05	88.915	150000.0	1
12,131	906.55	450.05	88.919	150000.0	1
12,132	906.6	450.05	88.923	150000.0	1
12,133	906.65	450.05	88.927	150000.0	1
12,134	906.7	450.05	88.931	150000.0	1
12,135	906.75	450.05	88.935	150000.0	1
12,136	906.8	450.05	88.939	150000.0	1
12,137	906.85	450.05	88.943	150000.0	1
12,138	906.9	450.05	88.947	150000.0	1
12,139	906.95	450.05	88.951	150000.0	1
12,140	907.0	450.05	88.955	150000.0	1
12,141	907.05	450.05	88.959	150000.0	1
12,142	907.1	450.05	88.964	150000.0	1
12,143	907.15	450.05	88.968	150000.0	1
12,144	907.2	450.05	88.972	150000.0	1
12,145	907.25	450.05	88.976	150000.0	1
12,146	907.3	450.05	88.98	150000.0	1
12,147	907.35	450.05	88.984	150000.0	1
12,148	907.4	450.05	88.988	150000.0	1
12,149	907.45	450.05	88.992	150000.0	1
12,150	907.5	450.05	88.996	150000.0	1
12,151	907.55	450.05	89.0	150000.0	1
12,152	907.6	450.05	89.004	150000.0	1
12,153	907.65	450.05	89.008	150000.0	1
12,154	907.7	450.05	89.012	150000.0	1
12,155	907.75	450.05	89.016	150000.0	1
12,156	907.8	450.05	89.02	150000.0	1
12,157	907.85	450.05	89.025	150000.0	1
12,158	907.9	450.05	89.029	150000.0	1
12,159	907.95	450.05	89.033	150000.0	1
12,160	908.0	450.05	89.037	150000.0	1
12,161	908.05	450.05	89.041	150000.0	1
12,162	908.1	450.05	89.045	150000.0	1
12,163	908.15	450.05	89.049	150000.0	1
12,164	908.2	450.05	89.053	150000.0	1
12,165	908.25	450.05	89.057	150000.0	1
12,166	908.3	450.05	89.061	150000.0	1
12,167	908.35	450.05	89.065	150000.0	1
12,168	908.4	450.05	89.069	150000.0	1
12,169	908.45	450.05	89.073	150000.0	1
12,170	908.5	450.05	89.077	150000.0	1
12,171	908.55	450.05	89.081	150000.0	1
12,172	908.6	450.05	89.086	150000.0	1
12,173	908.65	450.05	89.09	150000.0	1
12,174	908.7	450.05	89.094	150000.0	1
12,175	908.75	450.05	89.098	150000.0	1
12,176	908.8	450.05	89.102	150000.0	1
12,177	908.85	450.05	89.106	150000.0	1
12,178	908.9	450.05	89.11	150000.0	1
12,179	908.95	450.05	89.114	150000.0	1
12,180	909.0	450.05	89.118	150000.0	1
12,181	909.05	450.05	89.122	150000.0	1
12,182	909.1	450.05	89.126	150000.0	1
12,183	909.15	450.05	89.13	150000.0	1
12,184	909.2	450.05	89.134	150000.0	1
12,185	909.25	450.05	89.138	150000.0	1
12,186	909.3	450.05	89.143	150000.0	1
12,187	909.35	450.05	89.147	150000.0	1
12,188	909.4	450.05	89.151	150000.0	1
12,189	909.45	450.05	89.155	150000.0	1
12,190	909.5	450.05	89.159	150000.0	1
12,191	909.55	450.05	89.163	150000.0	1
12,192	909.6	450.05	89.167	150000.0	1
12,193	909.65	450.05	89.171	150000.0	1
12,194	909.7	450.05	89.175	150000.0	1
12,195	909.75	450.05	89.179	150000.0	1
12,196	909.8	450.05	89.183	150000.0	1
12,197	909.85	450.05	89.187	150000.0	1
12,198	909.9	450.05	89.191	150000.0	1
12,199	909.95	450.05	89.195	150000.0	1
12,200	910.0	450.05	89.199	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-03).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →