Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

11,901–12,000 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
11,901	895.05	450.05	87.983	150000.0	1
11,902	895.1	450.05	87.987	150000.0	1
11,903	895.15	450.05	87.991	150000.0	1
11,904	895.2	450.05	87.995	150000.0	1
11,905	895.25	450.05	87.999	150000.0	1
11,906	895.3	450.05	88.003	150000.0	1
11,907	895.35	450.05	88.007	150000.0	1
11,908	895.4	450.05	88.012	150000.0	1
11,909	895.45	450.05	88.016	150000.0	1
11,910	895.5	450.05	88.02	150000.0	1
11,911	895.55	450.05	88.024	150000.0	1
11,912	895.6	450.05	88.028	150000.0	1
11,913	895.65	450.05	88.032	150000.0	1
11,914	895.7	450.05	88.036	150000.0	1
11,915	895.75	450.05	88.04	150000.0	1
11,916	895.8	450.05	88.044	150000.0	1
11,917	895.85	450.05	88.048	150000.0	1
11,918	895.9	450.05	88.052	150000.0	1
11,919	895.95	450.05	88.056	150000.0	1
11,920	896.0	450.05	88.06	150000.0	1
11,921	896.05	450.05	88.064	150000.0	1
11,922	896.1	450.05	88.069	150000.0	1
11,923	896.15	450.05	88.073	150000.0	1
11,924	896.2	450.05	88.077	150000.0	1
11,925	896.25	450.05	88.081	150000.0	1
11,926	896.3	450.05	88.085	150000.0	1
11,927	896.35	450.05	88.089	150000.0	1
11,928	896.4	450.05	88.093	150000.0	1
11,929	896.45	450.05	88.097	150000.0	1
11,930	896.5	450.05	88.101	150000.0	1
11,931	896.55	450.05	88.105	150000.0	1
11,932	896.6	450.05	88.109	150000.0	1
11,933	896.65	450.05	88.113	150000.0	1
11,934	896.7	450.05	88.117	150000.0	1
11,935	896.75	450.05	88.121	150000.0	1
11,936	896.8	450.05	88.125	150000.0	1
11,937	896.85	450.05	88.13	150000.0	1
11,938	896.9	450.05	88.134	150000.0	1
11,939	896.95	450.05	88.138	150000.0	1
11,940	897.0	450.05	88.142	150000.0	1
11,941	897.05	450.05	88.146	150000.0	1
11,942	897.1	450.05	88.15	150000.0	1
11,943	897.15	450.05	88.154	150000.0	1
11,944	897.2	450.05	88.158	150000.0	1
11,945	897.25	450.05	88.162	150000.0	1
11,946	897.3	450.05	88.166	150000.0	1
11,947	897.35	450.05	88.17	150000.0	1
11,948	897.4	450.05	88.174	150000.0	1
11,949	897.45	450.05	88.178	150000.0	1
11,950	897.5	450.05	88.182	150000.0	1
11,951	897.55	450.05	88.186	150000.0	1
11,952	897.6	450.05	88.191	150000.0	1
11,953	897.65	450.05	88.195	150000.0	1
11,954	897.7	450.05	88.199	150000.0	1
11,955	897.75	450.05	88.203	150000.0	1
11,956	897.8	450.05	88.207	150000.0	1
11,957	897.85	450.05	88.211	150000.0	1
11,958	897.9	450.05	88.215	150000.0	1
11,959	897.95	450.05	88.219	150000.0	1
11,960	898.0	450.05	88.223	150000.0	1
11,961	898.05	450.05	88.227	150000.0	1
11,962	898.1	450.05	88.231	150000.0	1
11,963	898.15	450.05	88.235	150000.0	1
11,964	898.2	450.05	88.239	150000.0	1
11,965	898.25	450.05	88.243	150000.0	1
11,966	898.3	450.05	88.248	150000.0	1
11,967	898.35	450.05	88.252	150000.0	1
11,968	898.4	450.05	88.256	150000.0	1
11,969	898.45	450.05	88.26	150000.0	1
11,970	898.5	450.05	88.264	150000.0	1
11,971	898.55	450.05	88.268	150000.0	1
11,972	898.6	450.05	88.272	150000.0	1
11,973	898.65	450.05	88.276	150000.0	1
11,974	898.7	450.05	88.28	150000.0	1
11,975	898.75	450.05	88.284	150000.0	1
11,976	898.8	450.05	88.288	150000.0	1
11,977	898.85	450.05	88.292	150000.0	1
11,978	898.9	450.05	88.296	150000.0	1
11,979	898.95	450.05	88.3	150000.0	1
11,980	899.0	450.05	88.304	150000.0	1
11,981	899.05	450.05	88.309	150000.0	1
11,982	899.1	450.05	88.313	150000.0	1
11,983	899.15	450.05	88.317	150000.0	1
11,984	899.2	450.05	88.321	150000.0	1
11,985	899.25	450.05	88.325	150000.0	1
11,986	899.3	450.05	88.329	150000.0	1
11,987	899.35	450.05	88.333	150000.0	1
11,988	899.4	450.05	88.337	150000.0	1
11,989	899.45	450.05	88.341	150000.0	1
11,990	899.5	450.05	88.345	150000.0	1
11,991	899.55	450.05	88.349	150000.0	1
11,992	899.6	450.05	88.353	150000.0	1
11,993	899.65	450.05	88.357	150000.0	1
11,994	899.7	450.05	88.361	150000.0	1
11,995	899.75	450.05	88.365	150000.0	1
11,996	899.8	450.05	88.37	150000.0	1
11,997	899.85	450.05	88.374	150000.0	1
11,998	899.9	450.05	88.378	150000.0	1
11,999	899.95	450.05	88.382	150000.0	1
12,000	900.0	450.05	88.386	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →