Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

12,501–12,600 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
12,501	925.05	450.05	90.424	150000.0	1
12,502	925.1	450.05	90.428	150000.0	1
12,503	925.15	450.05	90.432	150000.0	1
12,504	925.2	450.05	90.436	150000.0	1
12,505	925.25	450.05	90.44	150000.0	1
12,506	925.3	450.05	90.444	150000.0	1
12,507	925.35	450.05	90.448	150000.0	1
12,508	925.4	450.05	90.452	150000.0	1
12,509	925.45	450.05	90.457	150000.0	1
12,510	925.5	450.05	90.461	150000.0	1
12,511	925.55	450.05	90.465	150000.0	1
12,512	925.6	450.05	90.469	150000.0	1
12,513	925.65	450.05	90.473	150000.0	1
12,514	925.7	450.05	90.477	150000.0	1
12,515	925.75	450.05	90.481	150000.0	1
12,516	925.8	450.05	90.485	150000.0	1
12,517	925.85	450.05	90.489	150000.0	1
12,518	925.9	450.05	90.493	150000.0	1
12,519	925.95	450.05	90.497	150000.0	1
12,520	926.0	450.05	90.501	150000.0	1
12,521	926.05	450.05	90.505	150000.0	1
12,522	926.1	450.05	90.509	150000.0	1
12,523	926.15	450.05	90.513	150000.0	1
12,524	926.2	450.05	90.518	150000.0	1
12,525	926.25	450.05	90.522	150000.0	1
12,526	926.3	450.05	90.526	150000.0	1
12,527	926.35	450.05	90.53	150000.0	1
12,528	926.4	450.05	90.534	150000.0	1
12,529	926.45	450.05	90.538	150000.0	1
12,530	926.5	450.05	90.542	150000.0	1
12,531	926.55	450.05	90.546	150000.0	1
12,532	926.6	450.05	90.55	150000.0	1
12,533	926.65	450.05	90.554	150000.0	1
12,534	926.7	450.05	90.558	150000.0	1
12,535	926.75	450.05	90.562	150000.0	1
12,536	926.8	450.05	90.566	150000.0	1
12,537	926.85	450.05	90.57	150000.0	1
12,538	926.9	450.05	90.575	150000.0	1
12,539	926.95	450.05	90.579	150000.0	1
12,540	927.0	450.05	90.583	150000.0	1
12,541	927.05	450.05	90.587	150000.0	1
12,542	927.1	450.05	90.591	150000.0	1
12,543	927.15	450.05	90.595	150000.0	1
12,544	927.2	450.05	90.599	150000.0	1
12,545	927.25	450.05	90.603	150000.0	1
12,546	927.3	450.05	90.607	150000.0	1
12,547	927.35	450.05	90.611	150000.0	1
12,548	927.4	450.05	90.615	150000.0	1
12,549	927.45	450.05	90.619	150000.0	1
12,550	927.5	450.05	90.623	150000.0	1
12,551	927.55	450.05	90.627	150000.0	1
12,552	927.6	450.05	90.631	150000.0	1
12,553	927.65	450.05	90.636	150000.0	1
12,554	927.7	450.05	90.64	150000.0	1
12,555	927.75	450.05	90.644	150000.0	1
12,556	927.8	450.05	90.648	150000.0	1
12,557	927.85	450.05	90.652	150000.0	1
12,558	927.9	450.05	90.656	150000.0	1
12,559	927.95	450.05	90.66	150000.0	1
12,560	928.0	450.05	90.664	150000.0	1
12,561	928.05	450.05	90.668	150000.0	1
12,562	928.1	450.05	90.672	150000.0	1
12,563	928.15	450.05	90.676	150000.0	1
12,564	928.2	450.05	90.68	150000.0	1
12,565	928.25	450.05	90.684	150000.0	1
12,566	928.3	450.05	90.688	150000.0	1
12,567	928.35	450.05	90.692	150000.0	1
12,568	928.4	450.05	90.697	150000.0	1
12,569	928.45	450.05	90.701	150000.0	1
12,570	928.5	450.05	90.705	150000.0	1
12,571	928.55	450.05	90.709	150000.0	1
12,572	928.6	450.05	90.713	150000.0	1
12,573	928.65	450.05	90.717	150000.0	1
12,574	928.7	450.05	90.721	150000.0	1
12,575	928.75	450.05	90.725	150000.0	1
12,576	928.8	450.05	90.729	150000.0	1
12,577	928.85	450.05	90.733	150000.0	1
12,578	928.9	450.05	90.737	150000.0	1
12,579	928.95	450.05	90.741	150000.0	1
12,580	929.0	450.05	90.745	150000.0	1
12,581	929.05	450.05	90.749	150000.0	1
12,582	929.1	450.05	90.754	150000.0	1
12,583	929.15	450.05	90.758	150000.0	1
12,584	929.2	450.05	90.762	150000.0	1
12,585	929.25	450.05	90.766	150000.0	1
12,586	929.3	450.05	90.77	150000.0	1
12,587	929.35	450.05	90.774	150000.0	1
12,588	929.4	450.05	90.778	150000.0	1
12,589	929.45	450.05	90.782	150000.0	1
12,590	929.5	450.05	90.786	150000.0	1
12,591	929.55	450.05	90.79	150000.0	1
12,592	929.6	450.05	90.794	150000.0	1
12,593	929.65	450.05	90.798	150000.0	1
12,594	929.7	450.05	90.802	150000.0	1
12,595	929.75	450.05	90.806	150000.0	1
12,596	929.8	450.05	90.81	150000.0	1
12,597	929.85	450.05	90.815	150000.0	1
12,598	929.9	450.05	90.819	150000.0	1
12,599	929.95	450.05	90.823	150000.0	1
12,600	930.0	450.05	90.827	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →