Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

12,701–12,800 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
12,701	935.05	450.05	91.238	150000.0	1
12,702	935.1	450.05	91.242	150000.0	1
12,703	935.15	450.05	91.246	150000.0	1
12,704	935.2	450.05	91.25	150000.0	1
12,705	935.25	450.05	91.254	150000.0	1
12,706	935.3	450.05	91.258	150000.0	1
12,707	935.35	450.05	91.262	150000.0	1
12,708	935.4	450.05	91.266	150000.0	1
12,709	935.45	450.05	91.27	150000.0	1
12,710	935.5	450.05	91.274	150000.0	1
12,711	935.55	450.05	91.278	150000.0	1
12,712	935.6	450.05	91.282	150000.0	1
12,713	935.65	450.05	91.286	150000.0	1
12,714	935.7	450.05	91.29	150000.0	1
12,715	935.75	450.05	91.295	150000.0	1
12,716	935.8	450.05	91.299	150000.0	1
12,717	935.85	450.05	91.303	150000.0	1
12,718	935.9	450.05	91.307	150000.0	1
12,719	935.95	450.05	91.311	150000.0	1
12,720	936.0	450.05	91.315	150000.0	1
12,721	936.05	450.05	91.319	150000.0	1
12,722	936.1	450.05	91.323	150000.0	1
12,723	936.15	450.05	91.327	150000.0	1
12,724	936.2	450.05	91.331	150000.0	1
12,725	936.25	450.05	91.335	150000.0	1
12,726	936.3	450.05	91.339	150000.0	1
12,727	936.35	450.05	91.343	150000.0	1
12,728	936.4	450.05	91.347	150000.0	1
12,729	936.45	450.05	91.352	150000.0	1
12,730	936.5	450.05	91.356	150000.0	1
12,731	936.55	450.05	91.36	150000.0	1
12,732	936.6	450.05	91.364	150000.0	1
12,733	936.65	450.05	91.368	150000.0	1
12,734	936.7	450.05	91.372	150000.0	1
12,735	936.75	450.05	91.376	150000.0	1
12,736	936.8	450.05	91.38	150000.0	1
12,737	936.85	450.05	91.384	150000.0	1
12,738	936.9	450.05	91.388	150000.0	1
12,739	936.95	450.05	91.392	150000.0	1
12,740	937.0	450.05	91.396	150000.0	1
12,741	937.05	450.05	91.4	150000.0	1
12,742	937.1	450.05	91.404	150000.0	1
12,743	937.15	450.05	91.408	150000.0	1
12,744	937.2	450.05	91.413	150000.0	1
12,745	937.25	450.05	91.417	150000.0	1
12,746	937.3	450.05	91.421	150000.0	1
12,747	937.35	450.05	91.425	150000.0	1
12,748	937.4	450.05	91.429	150000.0	1
12,749	937.45	450.05	91.433	150000.0	1
12,750	937.5	450.05	91.437	150000.0	1
12,751	937.55	450.05	91.441	150000.0	1
12,752	937.6	450.05	91.445	150000.0	1
12,753	937.65	450.05	91.449	150000.0	1
12,754	937.7	450.05	91.453	150000.0	1
12,755	937.75	450.05	91.457	150000.0	1
12,756	937.8	450.05	91.461	150000.0	1
12,757	937.85	450.05	91.465	150000.0	1
12,758	937.9	450.05	91.469	150000.0	1
12,759	937.95	450.05	91.474	150000.0	1
12,760	938.0	450.05	91.478	150000.0	1
12,761	938.05	450.05	91.482	150000.0	1
12,762	938.1	450.05	91.486	150000.0	1
12,763	938.15	450.05	91.49	150000.0	1
12,764	938.2	450.05	91.494	150000.0	1
12,765	938.25	450.05	91.498	150000.0	1
12,766	938.3	450.05	91.502	150000.0	1
12,767	938.35	450.05	91.506	150000.0	1
12,768	938.4	450.05	91.51	150000.0	1
12,769	938.45	450.05	91.514	150000.0	1
12,770	938.5	450.05	91.518	150000.0	1
12,771	938.55	450.05	91.522	150000.0	1
12,772	938.6	450.05	91.526	150000.0	1
12,773	938.65	450.05	91.531	150000.0	1
12,774	938.7	450.05	91.535	150000.0	1
12,775	938.75	450.05	91.539	150000.0	1
12,776	938.8	450.05	91.543	150000.0	1
12,777	938.85	450.05	91.547	150000.0	1
12,778	938.9	450.05	91.551	150000.0	1
12,779	938.95	450.05	91.555	150000.0	1
12,780	939.0	450.05	91.559	150000.0	1
12,781	939.05	450.05	91.563	150000.0	1
12,782	939.1	450.05	91.567	150000.0	1
12,783	939.15	450.05	91.571	150000.0	1
12,784	939.2	450.05	91.575	150000.0	1
12,785	939.25	450.05	91.579	150000.0	1
12,786	939.3	450.05	91.583	150000.0	1
12,787	939.35	450.05	91.587	150000.0	1
12,788	939.4	450.05	91.592	150000.0	1
12,789	939.45	450.05	91.596	150000.0	1
12,790	939.5	450.05	91.6	150000.0	1
12,791	939.55	450.05	91.604	150000.0	1
12,792	939.6	450.05	91.608	150000.0	1
12,793	939.65	450.05	91.612	150000.0	1
12,794	939.7	450.05	91.616	150000.0	1
12,795	939.75	450.05	91.62	150000.0	1
12,796	939.8	450.05	91.624	150000.0	1
12,797	939.85	450.05	91.628	150000.0	1
12,798	939.9	450.05	91.632	150000.0	1
12,799	939.95	450.05	91.636	150000.0	1
12,800	940.0	450.05	91.64	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →