Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

12,801–12,900 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
12,801	940.05	450.05	91.644	150000.0	1
12,802	940.1	450.05	91.648	150000.0	1
12,803	940.15	450.05	91.653	150000.0	1
12,804	940.2	450.05	91.657	150000.0	1
12,805	940.25	450.05	91.661	150000.0	1
12,806	940.3	450.05	91.665	150000.0	1
12,807	940.35	450.05	91.669	150000.0	1
12,808	940.4	450.05	91.673	150000.0	1
12,809	940.45	450.05	91.677	150000.0	1
12,810	940.5	450.05	91.681	150000.0	1
12,811	940.55	450.05	91.685	150000.0	1
12,812	940.6	450.05	91.689	150000.0	1
12,813	940.65	450.05	91.693	150000.0	1
12,814	940.7	450.05	91.697	150000.0	1
12,815	940.75	450.05	91.701	150000.0	1
12,816	940.8	450.05	91.705	150000.0	1
12,817	940.85	450.05	91.71	150000.0	1
12,818	940.9	450.05	91.714	150000.0	1
12,819	940.95	450.05	91.718	150000.0	1
12,820	941.0	450.05	91.722	150000.0	1
12,821	941.05	450.05	91.726	150000.0	1
12,822	941.1	450.05	91.73	150000.0	1
12,823	941.15	450.05	91.734	150000.0	1
12,824	941.2	450.05	91.738	150000.0	1
12,825	941.25	450.05	91.742	150000.0	1
12,826	941.3	450.05	91.746	150000.0	1
12,827	941.35	450.05	91.75	150000.0	1
12,828	941.4	450.05	91.754	150000.0	1
12,829	941.45	450.05	91.758	150000.0	1
12,830	941.5	450.05	91.762	150000.0	1
12,831	941.55	450.05	91.766	150000.0	1
12,832	941.6	450.05	91.771	150000.0	1
12,833	941.65	450.05	91.775	150000.0	1
12,834	941.7	450.05	91.779	150000.0	1
12,835	941.75	450.05	91.783	150000.0	1
12,836	941.8	450.05	91.787	150000.0	1
12,837	941.85	450.05	91.791	150000.0	1
12,838	941.9	450.05	91.795	150000.0	1
12,839	941.95	450.05	91.799	150000.0	1
12,840	942.0	450.05	91.803	150000.0	1
12,841	942.05	450.05	91.807	150000.0	1
12,842	942.1	450.05	91.811	150000.0	1
12,843	942.15	450.05	91.815	150000.0	1
12,844	942.2	450.05	91.819	150000.0	1
12,845	942.25	450.05	91.823	150000.0	1
12,846	942.3	450.05	91.827	150000.0	1
12,847	942.35	450.05	91.832	150000.0	1
12,848	942.4	450.05	91.836	150000.0	1
12,849	942.45	450.05	91.84	150000.0	1
12,850	942.5	450.05	91.844	150000.0	1
12,851	942.55	450.05	91.848	150000.0	1
12,852	942.6	450.05	91.852	150000.0	1
12,853	942.65	450.05	91.856	150000.0	1
12,854	942.7	450.05	91.86	150000.0	1
12,855	942.75	450.05	91.864	150000.0	1
12,856	942.8	450.05	91.868	150000.0	1
12,857	942.85	450.05	91.872	150000.0	1
12,858	942.9	450.05	91.876	150000.0	1
12,859	942.95	450.05	91.88	150000.0	1
12,860	943.0	450.05	91.884	150000.0	1
12,861	943.05	450.05	91.889	150000.0	1
12,862	943.1	450.05	91.893	150000.0	1
12,863	943.15	450.05	91.897	150000.0	1
12,864	943.2	450.05	91.901	150000.0	1
12,865	943.25	450.05	91.905	150000.0	1
12,866	943.3	450.05	91.909	150000.0	1
12,867	943.35	450.05	91.913	150000.0	1
12,868	943.4	450.05	91.917	150000.0	1
12,869	943.45	450.05	91.921	150000.0	1
12,870	943.5	450.05	91.925	150000.0	1
12,871	943.55	450.05	91.929	150000.0	1
12,872	943.6	450.05	91.933	150000.0	1
12,873	943.65	450.05	91.937	150000.0	1
12,874	943.7	450.05	91.941	150000.0	1
12,875	943.75	450.05	91.945	150000.0	1
12,876	943.8	450.05	91.95	150000.0	1
12,877	943.85	450.05	91.954	150000.0	1
12,878	943.9	450.05	91.958	150000.0	1
12,879	943.95	450.05	91.962	150000.0	1
12,880	944.0	450.05	91.966	150000.0	1
12,881	944.05	450.05	91.97	150000.0	1
12,882	944.1	450.05	91.974	150000.0	1
12,883	944.15	450.05	91.978	150000.0	1
12,884	944.2	450.05	91.982	150000.0	1
12,885	944.25	450.05	91.986	150000.0	1
12,886	944.3	450.05	91.99	150000.0	1
12,887	944.35	450.05	91.994	150000.0	1
12,888	944.4	450.05	91.998	150000.0	1
12,889	944.45	450.05	92.002	150000.0	1
12,890	944.5	450.05	92.006	150000.0	1
12,891	944.55	450.05	92.011	150000.0	1
12,892	944.6	450.05	92.015	150000.0	1
12,893	944.65	450.05	92.019	150000.0	1
12,894	944.7	450.05	92.023	150000.0	1
12,895	944.75	450.05	92.027	150000.0	1
12,896	944.8	450.05	92.031	150000.0	1
12,897	944.85	450.05	92.035	150000.0	1
12,898	944.9	450.05	92.039	150000.0	1
12,899	944.95	450.05	92.043	150000.0	1
12,900	945.0	450.05	92.047	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →