Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

11,501–11,600 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
11,501	875.05	450.05	86.356	150000.0	1
11,502	875.1	450.05	86.36	150000.0	1
11,503	875.15	450.05	86.364	150000.0	1
11,504	875.2	450.05	86.368	150000.0	1
11,505	875.25	450.05	86.372	150000.0	1
11,506	875.3	450.05	86.376	150000.0	1
11,507	875.35	450.05	86.38	150000.0	1
11,508	875.4	450.05	86.384	150000.0	1
11,509	875.45	450.05	86.388	150000.0	1
11,510	875.5	450.05	86.392	150000.0	1
11,511	875.55	450.05	86.397	150000.0	1
11,512	875.6	450.05	86.401	150000.0	1
11,513	875.65	450.05	86.405	150000.0	1
11,514	875.7	450.05	86.409	150000.0	1
11,515	875.75	450.05	86.413	150000.0	1
11,516	875.8	450.05	86.417	150000.0	1
11,517	875.85	450.05	86.421	150000.0	1
11,518	875.9	450.05	86.425	150000.0	1
11,519	875.95	450.05	86.429	150000.0	1
11,520	876.0	450.05	86.433	150000.0	1
11,521	876.05	450.05	86.437	150000.0	1
11,522	876.1	450.05	86.441	150000.0	1
11,523	876.15	450.05	86.445	150000.0	1
11,524	876.2	450.05	86.449	150000.0	1
11,525	876.25	450.05	86.453	150000.0	1
11,526	876.3	450.05	86.458	150000.0	1
11,527	876.35	450.05	86.462	150000.0	1
11,528	876.4	450.05	86.466	150000.0	1
11,529	876.45	450.05	86.47	150000.0	1
11,530	876.5	450.05	86.474	150000.0	1
11,531	876.55	450.05	86.478	150000.0	1
11,532	876.6	450.05	86.482	150000.0	1
11,533	876.65	450.05	86.486	150000.0	1
11,534	876.7	450.05	86.49	150000.0	1
11,535	876.75	450.05	86.494	150000.0	1
11,536	876.8	450.05	86.498	150000.0	1
11,537	876.85	450.05	86.502	150000.0	1
11,538	876.9	450.05	86.506	150000.0	1
11,539	876.95	450.05	86.51	150000.0	1
11,540	877.0	450.05	86.514	150000.0	1
11,541	877.05	450.05	86.519	150000.0	1
11,542	877.1	450.05	86.523	150000.0	1
11,543	877.15	450.05	86.527	150000.0	1
11,544	877.2	450.05	86.531	150000.0	1
11,545	877.25	450.05	86.535	150000.0	1
11,546	877.3	450.05	86.539	150000.0	1
11,547	877.35	450.05	86.543	150000.0	1
11,548	877.4	450.05	86.547	150000.0	1
11,549	877.45	450.05	86.551	150000.0	1
11,550	877.5	450.05	86.555	150000.0	1
11,551	877.55	450.05	86.559	150000.0	1
11,552	877.6	450.05	86.563	150000.0	1
11,553	877.65	450.05	86.567	150000.0	1
11,554	877.7	450.05	86.571	150000.0	1
11,555	877.75	450.05	86.576	150000.0	1
11,556	877.8	450.05	86.58	150000.0	1
11,557	877.85	450.05	86.584	150000.0	1
11,558	877.9	450.05	86.588	150000.0	1
11,559	877.95	450.05	86.592	150000.0	1
11,560	878.0	450.05	86.596	150000.0	1
11,561	878.05	450.05	86.6	150000.0	1
11,562	878.1	450.05	86.604	150000.0	1
11,563	878.15	450.05	86.608	150000.0	1
11,564	878.2	450.05	86.612	150000.0	1
11,565	878.25	450.05	86.616	150000.0	1
11,566	878.3	450.05	86.62	150000.0	1
11,567	878.35	450.05	86.624	150000.0	1
11,568	878.4	450.05	86.628	150000.0	1
11,569	878.45	450.05	86.632	150000.0	1
11,570	878.5	450.05	86.637	150000.0	1
11,571	878.55	450.05	86.641	150000.0	1
11,572	878.6	450.05	86.645	150000.0	1
11,573	878.65	450.05	86.649	150000.0	1
11,574	878.7	450.05	86.653	150000.0	1
11,575	878.75	450.05	86.657	150000.0	1
11,576	878.8	450.05	86.661	150000.0	1
11,577	878.85	450.05	86.665	150000.0	1
11,578	878.9	450.05	86.669	150000.0	1
11,579	878.95	450.05	86.673	150000.0	1
11,580	879.0	450.05	86.677	150000.0	1
11,581	879.05	450.05	86.681	150000.0	1
11,582	879.1	450.05	86.685	150000.0	1
11,583	879.15	450.05	86.689	150000.0	1
11,584	879.2	450.05	86.693	150000.0	1
11,585	879.25	450.05	86.698	150000.0	1
11,586	879.3	450.05	86.702	150000.0	1
11,587	879.35	450.05	86.706	150000.0	1
11,588	879.4	450.05	86.71	150000.0	1
11,589	879.45	450.05	86.714	150000.0	1
11,590	879.5	450.05	86.718	150000.0	1
11,591	879.55	450.05	86.722	150000.0	1
11,592	879.6	450.05	86.726	150000.0	1
11,593	879.65	450.05	86.73	150000.0	1
11,594	879.7	450.05	86.734	150000.0	1
11,595	879.75	450.05	86.738	150000.0	1
11,596	879.8	450.05	86.742	150000.0	1
11,597	879.85	450.05	86.746	150000.0	1
11,598	879.9	450.05	86.75	150000.0	1
11,599	879.95	450.05	86.755	150000.0	1
11,600	880.0	450.05	86.759	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →