Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

11,601–11,700 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
11,601	880.05	450.05	86.763	150000.0	1
11,602	880.1	450.05	86.767	150000.0	1
11,603	880.15	450.05	86.771	150000.0	1
11,604	880.2	450.05	86.775	150000.0	1
11,605	880.25	450.05	86.779	150000.0	1
11,606	880.3	450.05	86.783	150000.0	1
11,607	880.35	450.05	86.787	150000.0	1
11,608	880.4	450.05	86.791	150000.0	1
11,609	880.45	450.05	86.795	150000.0	1
11,610	880.5	450.05	86.799	150000.0	1
11,611	880.55	450.05	86.803	150000.0	1
11,612	880.6	450.05	86.807	150000.0	1
11,613	880.65	450.05	86.811	150000.0	1
11,614	880.7	450.05	86.816	150000.0	1
11,615	880.75	450.05	86.82	150000.0	1
11,616	880.8	450.05	86.824	150000.0	1
11,617	880.85	450.05	86.828	150000.0	1
11,618	880.9	450.05	86.832	150000.0	1
11,619	880.95	450.05	86.836	150000.0	1
11,620	881.0	450.05	86.84	150000.0	1
11,621	881.05	450.05	86.844	150000.0	1
11,622	881.1	450.05	86.848	150000.0	1
11,623	881.15	450.05	86.852	150000.0	1
11,624	881.2	450.05	86.856	150000.0	1
11,625	881.25	450.05	86.86	150000.0	1
11,626	881.3	450.05	86.864	150000.0	1
11,627	881.35	450.05	86.868	150000.0	1
11,628	881.4	450.05	86.872	150000.0	1
11,629	881.45	450.05	86.877	150000.0	1
11,630	881.5	450.05	86.881	150000.0	1
11,631	881.55	450.05	86.885	150000.0	1
11,632	881.6	450.05	86.889	150000.0	1
11,633	881.65	450.05	86.893	150000.0	1
11,634	881.7	450.05	86.897	150000.0	1
11,635	881.75	450.05	86.901	150000.0	1
11,636	881.8	450.05	86.905	150000.0	1
11,637	881.85	450.05	86.909	150000.0	1
11,638	881.9	450.05	86.913	150000.0	1
11,639	881.95	450.05	86.917	150000.0	1
11,640	882.0	450.05	86.921	150000.0	1
11,641	882.05	450.05	86.925	150000.0	1
11,642	882.1	450.05	86.929	150000.0	1
11,643	882.15	450.05	86.934	150000.0	1
11,644	882.2	450.05	86.938	150000.0	1
11,645	882.25	450.05	86.942	150000.0	1
11,646	882.3	450.05	86.946	150000.0	1
11,647	882.35	450.05	86.95	150000.0	1
11,648	882.4	450.05	86.954	150000.0	1
11,649	882.45	450.05	86.958	150000.0	1
11,650	882.5	450.05	86.962	150000.0	1
11,651	882.55	450.05	86.966	150000.0	1
11,652	882.6	450.05	86.97	150000.0	1
11,653	882.65	450.05	86.974	150000.0	1
11,654	882.7	450.05	86.978	150000.0	1
11,655	882.75	450.05	86.982	150000.0	1
11,656	882.8	450.05	86.986	150000.0	1
11,657	882.85	450.05	86.99	150000.0	1
11,658	882.9	450.05	86.995	150000.0	1
11,659	882.95	450.05	86.999	150000.0	1
11,660	883.0	450.05	87.003	150000.0	1
11,661	883.05	450.05	87.007	150000.0	1
11,662	883.1	450.05	87.011	150000.0	1
11,663	883.15	450.05	87.015	150000.0	1
11,664	883.2	450.05	87.019	150000.0	1
11,665	883.25	450.05	87.023	150000.0	1
11,666	883.3	450.05	87.027	150000.0	1
11,667	883.35	450.05	87.031	150000.0	1
11,668	883.4	450.05	87.035	150000.0	1
11,669	883.45	450.05	87.039	150000.0	1
11,670	883.5	450.05	87.043	150000.0	1
11,671	883.55	450.05	87.047	150000.0	1
11,672	883.6	450.05	87.051	150000.0	1
11,673	883.65	450.05	87.056	150000.0	1
11,674	883.7	450.05	87.06	150000.0	1
11,675	883.75	450.05	87.064	150000.0	1
11,676	883.8	450.05	87.068	150000.0	1
11,677	883.85	450.05	87.072	150000.0	1
11,678	883.9	450.05	87.076	150000.0	1
11,679	883.95	450.05	87.08	150000.0	1
11,680	884.0	450.05	87.084	150000.0	1
11,681	884.05	450.05	87.088	150000.0	1
11,682	884.1	450.05	87.092	150000.0	1
11,683	884.15	450.05	87.096	150000.0	1
11,684	884.2	450.05	87.1	150000.0	1
11,685	884.25	450.05	87.104	150000.0	1
11,686	884.3	450.05	87.108	150000.0	1
11,687	884.35	450.05	87.113	150000.0	1
11,688	884.4	450.05	87.117	150000.0	1
11,689	884.45	450.05	87.121	150000.0	1
11,690	884.5	450.05	87.125	150000.0	1
11,691	884.55	450.05	87.129	150000.0	1
11,692	884.6	450.05	87.133	150000.0	1
11,693	884.65	450.05	87.137	150000.0	1
11,694	884.7	450.05	87.141	150000.0	1
11,695	884.75	450.05	87.145	150000.0	1
11,696	884.8	450.05	87.149	150000.0	1
11,697	884.85	450.05	87.153	150000.0	1
11,698	884.9	450.05	87.157	150000.0	1
11,699	884.95	450.05	87.161	150000.0	1
11,700	885.0	450.05	87.165	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →