Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

11,401–11,500 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
11,401	870.05	450.05	85.949	150000.0	1
11,402	870.1	450.05	85.953	150000.0	1
11,403	870.15	450.05	85.957	150000.0	1
11,404	870.2	450.05	85.961	150000.0	1
11,405	870.25	450.05	85.965	150000.0	1
11,406	870.3	450.05	85.969	150000.0	1
11,407	870.35	450.05	85.973	150000.0	1
11,408	870.4	450.05	85.977	150000.0	1
11,409	870.45	450.05	85.982	150000.0	1
11,410	870.5	450.05	85.986	150000.0	1
11,411	870.55	450.05	85.99	150000.0	1
11,412	870.6	450.05	85.994	150000.0	1
11,413	870.65	450.05	85.998	150000.0	1
11,414	870.7	450.05	86.002	150000.0	1
11,415	870.75	450.05	86.006	150000.0	1
11,416	870.8	450.05	86.01	150000.0	1
11,417	870.85	450.05	86.014	150000.0	1
11,418	870.9	450.05	86.018	150000.0	1
11,419	870.95	450.05	86.022	150000.0	1
11,420	871.0	450.05	86.026	150000.0	1
11,421	871.05	450.05	86.03	150000.0	1
11,422	871.1	450.05	86.034	150000.0	1
11,423	871.15	450.05	86.039	150000.0	1
11,424	871.2	450.05	86.043	150000.0	1
11,425	871.25	450.05	86.047	150000.0	1
11,426	871.3	450.05	86.051	150000.0	1
11,427	871.35	450.05	86.055	150000.0	1
11,428	871.4	450.05	86.059	150000.0	1
11,429	871.45	450.05	86.063	150000.0	1
11,430	871.5	450.05	86.067	150000.0	1
11,431	871.55	450.05	86.071	150000.0	1
11,432	871.6	450.05	86.075	150000.0	1
11,433	871.65	450.05	86.079	150000.0	1
11,434	871.7	450.05	86.083	150000.0	1
11,435	871.75	450.05	86.087	150000.0	1
11,436	871.8	450.05	86.091	150000.0	1
11,437	871.85	450.05	86.095	150000.0	1
11,438	871.9	450.05	86.1	150000.0	1
11,439	871.95	450.05	86.104	150000.0	1
11,440	872.0	450.05	86.108	150000.0	1
11,441	872.05	450.05	86.112	150000.0	1
11,442	872.1	450.05	86.116	150000.0	1
11,443	872.15	450.05	86.12	150000.0	1
11,444	872.2	450.05	86.124	150000.0	1
11,445	872.25	450.05	86.128	150000.0	1
11,446	872.3	450.05	86.132	150000.0	1
11,447	872.35	450.05	86.136	150000.0	1
11,448	872.4	450.05	86.14	150000.0	1
11,449	872.45	450.05	86.144	150000.0	1
11,450	872.5	450.05	86.148	150000.0	1
11,451	872.55	450.05	86.152	150000.0	1
11,452	872.6	450.05	86.156	150000.0	1
11,453	872.65	450.05	86.161	150000.0	1
11,454	872.7	450.05	86.165	150000.0	1
11,455	872.75	450.05	86.169	150000.0	1
11,456	872.8	450.05	86.173	150000.0	1
11,457	872.85	450.05	86.177	150000.0	1
11,458	872.9	450.05	86.181	150000.0	1
11,459	872.95	450.05	86.185	150000.0	1
11,460	873.0	450.05	86.189	150000.0	1
11,461	873.05	450.05	86.193	150000.0	1
11,462	873.1	450.05	86.197	150000.0	1
11,463	873.15	450.05	86.201	150000.0	1
11,464	873.2	450.05	86.205	150000.0	1
11,465	873.25	450.05	86.209	150000.0	1
11,466	873.3	450.05	86.213	150000.0	1
11,467	873.35	450.05	86.218	150000.0	1
11,468	873.4	450.05	86.222	150000.0	1
11,469	873.45	450.05	86.226	150000.0	1
11,470	873.5	450.05	86.23	150000.0	1
11,471	873.55	450.05	86.234	150000.0	1
11,472	873.6	450.05	86.238	150000.0	1
11,473	873.65	450.05	86.242	150000.0	1
11,474	873.7	450.05	86.246	150000.0	1
11,475	873.75	450.05	86.25	150000.0	1
11,476	873.8	450.05	86.254	150000.0	1
11,477	873.85	450.05	86.258	150000.0	1
11,478	873.9	450.05	86.262	150000.0	1
11,479	873.95	450.05	86.266	150000.0	1
11,480	874.0	450.05	86.27	150000.0	1
11,481	874.05	450.05	86.274	150000.0	1
11,482	874.1	450.05	86.279	150000.0	1
11,483	874.15	450.05	86.283	150000.0	1
11,484	874.2	450.05	86.287	150000.0	1
11,485	874.25	450.05	86.291	150000.0	1
11,486	874.3	450.05	86.295	150000.0	1
11,487	874.35	450.05	86.299	150000.0	1
11,488	874.4	450.05	86.303	150000.0	1
11,489	874.45	450.05	86.307	150000.0	1
11,490	874.5	450.05	86.311	150000.0	1
11,491	874.55	450.05	86.315	150000.0	1
11,492	874.6	450.05	86.319	150000.0	1
11,493	874.65	450.05	86.323	150000.0	1
11,494	874.7	450.05	86.327	150000.0	1
11,495	874.75	450.05	86.331	150000.0	1
11,496	874.8	450.05	86.335	150000.0	1
11,497	874.85	450.05	86.34	150000.0	1
11,498	874.9	450.05	86.344	150000.0	1
11,499	874.95	450.05	86.348	150000.0	1
11,500	875.0	450.05	86.352	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →