Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

11,201–11,300 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
11,201	860.05	450.05	85.135	150000.0	1
11,202	860.1	450.05	85.139	150000.0	1
11,203	860.15	450.05	85.144	150000.0	1
11,204	860.2	450.05	85.148	150000.0	1
11,205	860.25	450.05	85.152	150000.0	1
11,206	860.3	450.05	85.156	150000.0	1
11,207	860.35	450.05	85.16	150000.0	1
11,208	860.4	450.05	85.164	150000.0	1
11,209	860.45	450.05	85.168	150000.0	1
11,210	860.5	450.05	85.172	150000.0	1
11,211	860.55	450.05	85.176	150000.0	1
11,212	860.6	450.05	85.18	150000.0	1
11,213	860.65	450.05	85.184	150000.0	1
11,214	860.7	450.05	85.188	150000.0	1
11,215	860.75	450.05	85.192	150000.0	1
11,216	860.8	450.05	85.196	150000.0	1
11,217	860.85	450.05	85.2	150000.0	1
11,218	860.9	450.05	85.205	150000.0	1
11,219	860.95	450.05	85.209	150000.0	1
11,220	861.0	450.05	85.213	150000.0	1
11,221	861.05	450.05	85.217	150000.0	1
11,222	861.1	450.05	85.221	150000.0	1
11,223	861.15	450.05	85.225	150000.0	1
11,224	861.2	450.05	85.229	150000.0	1
11,225	861.25	450.05	85.233	150000.0	1
11,226	861.3	450.05	85.237	150000.0	1
11,227	861.35	450.05	85.241	150000.0	1
11,228	861.4	450.05	85.245	150000.0	1
11,229	861.45	450.05	85.249	150000.0	1
11,230	861.5	450.05	85.253	150000.0	1
11,231	861.55	450.05	85.257	150000.0	1
11,232	861.6	450.05	85.261	150000.0	1
11,233	861.65	450.05	85.266	150000.0	1
11,234	861.7	450.05	85.27	150000.0	1
11,235	861.75	450.05	85.274	150000.0	1
11,236	861.8	450.05	85.278	150000.0	1
11,237	861.85	450.05	85.282	150000.0	1
11,238	861.9	450.05	85.286	150000.0	1
11,239	861.95	450.05	85.29	150000.0	1
11,240	862.0	450.05	85.294	150000.0	1
11,241	862.05	450.05	85.298	150000.0	1
11,242	862.1	450.05	85.302	150000.0	1
11,243	862.15	450.05	85.306	150000.0	1
11,244	862.2	450.05	85.31	150000.0	1
11,245	862.25	450.05	85.314	150000.0	1
11,246	862.3	450.05	85.318	150000.0	1
11,247	862.35	450.05	85.323	150000.0	1
11,248	862.4	450.05	85.327	150000.0	1
11,249	862.45	450.05	85.331	150000.0	1
11,250	862.5	450.05	85.335	150000.0	1
11,251	862.55	450.05	85.339	150000.0	1
11,252	862.6	450.05	85.343	150000.0	1
11,253	862.65	450.05	85.347	150000.0	1
11,254	862.7	450.05	85.351	150000.0	1
11,255	862.75	450.05	85.355	150000.0	1
11,256	862.8	450.05	85.359	150000.0	1
11,257	862.85	450.05	85.363	150000.0	1
11,258	862.9	450.05	85.367	150000.0	1
11,259	862.95	450.05	85.371	150000.0	1
11,260	863.0	450.05	85.375	150000.0	1
11,261	863.05	450.05	85.379	150000.0	1
11,262	863.1	450.05	85.384	150000.0	1
11,263	863.15	450.05	85.388	150000.0	1
11,264	863.2	450.05	85.392	150000.0	1
11,265	863.25	450.05	85.396	150000.0	1
11,266	863.3	450.05	85.4	150000.0	1
11,267	863.35	450.05	85.404	150000.0	1
11,268	863.4	450.05	85.408	150000.0	1
11,269	863.45	450.05	85.412	150000.0	1
11,270	863.5	450.05	85.416	150000.0	1
11,271	863.55	450.05	85.42	150000.0	1
11,272	863.6	450.05	85.424	150000.0	1
11,273	863.65	450.05	85.428	150000.0	1
11,274	863.7	450.05	85.432	150000.0	1
11,275	863.75	450.05	85.436	150000.0	1
11,276	863.8	450.05	85.44	150000.0	1
11,277	863.85	450.05	85.445	150000.0	1
11,278	863.9	450.05	85.449	150000.0	1
11,279	863.95	450.05	85.453	150000.0	1
11,280	864.0	450.05	85.457	150000.0	1
11,281	864.05	450.05	85.461	150000.0	1
11,282	864.1	450.05	85.465	150000.0	1
11,283	864.15	450.05	85.469	150000.0	1
11,284	864.2	450.05	85.473	150000.0	1
11,285	864.25	450.05	85.477	150000.0	1
11,286	864.3	450.05	85.481	150000.0	1
11,287	864.35	450.05	85.485	150000.0	1
11,288	864.4	450.05	85.489	150000.0	1
11,289	864.45	450.05	85.493	150000.0	1
11,290	864.5	450.05	85.497	150000.0	1
11,291	864.55	450.05	85.502	150000.0	1
11,292	864.6	450.05	85.506	150000.0	1
11,293	864.65	450.05	85.51	150000.0	1
11,294	864.7	450.05	85.514	150000.0	1
11,295	864.75	450.05	85.518	150000.0	1
11,296	864.8	450.05	85.522	150000.0	1
11,297	864.85	450.05	85.526	150000.0	1
11,298	864.9	450.05	85.53	150000.0	1
11,299	864.95	450.05	85.534	150000.0	1
11,300	865.0	450.05	85.538	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →