Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

11,101–11,200 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
11,101	855.05	450.05	84.729	150000.0	1
11,102	855.1	450.05	84.733	150000.0	1
11,103	855.15	450.05	84.737	150000.0	1
11,104	855.2	450.05	84.741	150000.0	1
11,105	855.25	450.05	84.745	150000.0	1
11,106	855.3	450.05	84.749	150000.0	1
11,107	855.35	450.05	84.753	150000.0	1
11,108	855.4	450.05	84.757	150000.0	1
11,109	855.45	450.05	84.761	150000.0	1
11,110	855.5	450.05	84.765	150000.0	1
11,111	855.55	450.05	84.769	150000.0	1
11,112	855.6	450.05	84.773	150000.0	1
11,113	855.65	450.05	84.777	150000.0	1
11,114	855.7	450.05	84.781	150000.0	1
11,115	855.75	450.05	84.786	150000.0	1
11,116	855.8	450.05	84.79	150000.0	1
11,117	855.85	450.05	84.794	150000.0	1
11,118	855.9	450.05	84.798	150000.0	1
11,119	855.95	450.05	84.802	150000.0	1
11,120	856.0	450.05	84.806	150000.0	1
11,121	856.05	450.05	84.81	150000.0	1
11,122	856.1	450.05	84.814	150000.0	1
11,123	856.15	450.05	84.818	150000.0	1
11,124	856.2	450.05	84.822	150000.0	1
11,125	856.25	450.05	84.826	150000.0	1
11,126	856.3	450.05	84.83	150000.0	1
11,127	856.35	450.05	84.834	150000.0	1
11,128	856.4	450.05	84.838	150000.0	1
11,129	856.45	450.05	84.842	150000.0	1
11,130	856.5	450.05	84.847	150000.0	1
11,131	856.55	450.05	84.851	150000.0	1
11,132	856.6	450.05	84.855	150000.0	1
11,133	856.65	450.05	84.859	150000.0	1
11,134	856.7	450.05	84.863	150000.0	1
11,135	856.75	450.05	84.867	150000.0	1
11,136	856.8	450.05	84.871	150000.0	1
11,137	856.85	450.05	84.875	150000.0	1
11,138	856.9	450.05	84.879	150000.0	1
11,139	856.95	450.05	84.883	150000.0	1
11,140	857.0	450.05	84.887	150000.0	1
11,141	857.05	450.05	84.891	150000.0	1
11,142	857.1	450.05	84.895	150000.0	1
11,143	857.15	450.05	84.899	150000.0	1
11,144	857.2	450.05	84.903	150000.0	1
11,145	857.25	450.05	84.908	150000.0	1
11,146	857.3	450.05	84.912	150000.0	1
11,147	857.35	450.05	84.916	150000.0	1
11,148	857.4	450.05	84.92	150000.0	1
11,149	857.45	450.05	84.924	150000.0	1
11,150	857.5	450.05	84.928	150000.0	1
11,151	857.55	450.05	84.932	150000.0	1
11,152	857.6	450.05	84.936	150000.0	1
11,153	857.65	450.05	84.94	150000.0	1
11,154	857.7	450.05	84.944	150000.0	1
11,155	857.75	450.05	84.948	150000.0	1
11,156	857.8	450.05	84.952	150000.0	1
11,157	857.85	450.05	84.956	150000.0	1
11,158	857.9	450.05	84.96	150000.0	1
11,159	857.95	450.05	84.965	150000.0	1
11,160	858.0	450.05	84.969	150000.0	1
11,161	858.05	450.05	84.973	150000.0	1
11,162	858.1	450.05	84.977	150000.0	1
11,163	858.15	450.05	84.981	150000.0	1
11,164	858.2	450.05	84.985	150000.0	1
11,165	858.25	450.05	84.989	150000.0	1
11,166	858.3	450.05	84.993	150000.0	1
11,167	858.35	450.05	84.997	150000.0	1
11,168	858.4	450.05	85.001	150000.0	1
11,169	858.45	450.05	85.005	150000.0	1
11,170	858.5	450.05	85.009	150000.0	1
11,171	858.55	450.05	85.013	150000.0	1
11,172	858.6	450.05	85.017	150000.0	1
11,173	858.65	450.05	85.021	150000.0	1
11,174	858.7	450.05	85.026	150000.0	1
11,175	858.75	450.05	85.03	150000.0	1
11,176	858.8	450.05	85.034	150000.0	1
11,177	858.85	450.05	85.038	150000.0	1
11,178	858.9	450.05	85.042	150000.0	1
11,179	858.95	450.05	85.046	150000.0	1
11,180	859.0	450.05	85.05	150000.0	1
11,181	859.05	450.05	85.054	150000.0	1
11,182	859.1	450.05	85.058	150000.0	1
11,183	859.15	450.05	85.062	150000.0	1
11,184	859.2	450.05	85.066	150000.0	1
11,185	859.25	450.05	85.07	150000.0	1
11,186	859.3	450.05	85.074	150000.0	1
11,187	859.35	450.05	85.078	150000.0	1
11,188	859.4	450.05	85.082	150000.0	1
11,189	859.45	450.05	85.087	150000.0	1
11,190	859.5	450.05	85.091	150000.0	1
11,191	859.55	450.05	85.095	150000.0	1
11,192	859.6	450.05	85.099	150000.0	1
11,193	859.65	450.05	85.103	150000.0	1
11,194	859.7	450.05	85.107	150000.0	1
11,195	859.75	450.05	85.111	150000.0	1
11,196	859.8	450.05	85.115	150000.0	1
11,197	859.85	450.05	85.119	150000.0	1
11,198	859.9	450.05	85.123	150000.0	1
11,199	859.95	450.05	85.127	150000.0	1
11,200	860.0	450.05	85.131	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →