Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

11,301–11,400 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
11,301	865.05	450.05	85.542	150000.0	1
11,302	865.1	450.05	85.546	150000.0	1
11,303	865.15	450.05	85.55	150000.0	1
11,304	865.2	450.05	85.554	150000.0	1
11,305	865.25	450.05	85.558	150000.0	1
11,306	865.3	450.05	85.563	150000.0	1
11,307	865.35	450.05	85.567	150000.0	1
11,308	865.4	450.05	85.571	150000.0	1
11,309	865.45	450.05	85.575	150000.0	1
11,310	865.5	450.05	85.579	150000.0	1
11,311	865.55	450.05	85.583	150000.0	1
11,312	865.6	450.05	85.587	150000.0	1
11,313	865.65	450.05	85.591	150000.0	1
11,314	865.7	450.05	85.595	150000.0	1
11,315	865.75	450.05	85.599	150000.0	1
11,316	865.8	450.05	85.603	150000.0	1
11,317	865.85	450.05	85.607	150000.0	1
11,318	865.9	450.05	85.611	150000.0	1
11,319	865.95	450.05	85.615	150000.0	1
11,320	866.0	450.05	85.619	150000.0	1
11,321	866.05	450.05	85.624	150000.0	1
11,322	866.1	450.05	85.628	150000.0	1
11,323	866.15	450.05	85.632	150000.0	1
11,324	866.2	450.05	85.636	150000.0	1
11,325	866.25	450.05	85.64	150000.0	1
11,326	866.3	450.05	85.644	150000.0	1
11,327	866.35	450.05	85.648	150000.0	1
11,328	866.4	450.05	85.652	150000.0	1
11,329	866.45	450.05	85.656	150000.0	1
11,330	866.5	450.05	85.66	150000.0	1
11,331	866.55	450.05	85.664	150000.0	1
11,332	866.6	450.05	85.668	150000.0	1
11,333	866.65	450.05	85.672	150000.0	1
11,334	866.7	450.05	85.676	150000.0	1
11,335	866.75	450.05	85.681	150000.0	1
11,336	866.8	450.05	85.685	150000.0	1
11,337	866.85	450.05	85.689	150000.0	1
11,338	866.9	450.05	85.693	150000.0	1
11,339	866.95	450.05	85.697	150000.0	1
11,340	867.0	450.05	85.701	150000.0	1
11,341	867.05	450.05	85.705	150000.0	1
11,342	867.1	450.05	85.709	150000.0	1
11,343	867.15	450.05	85.713	150000.0	1
11,344	867.2	450.05	85.717	150000.0	1
11,345	867.25	450.05	85.721	150000.0	1
11,346	867.3	450.05	85.725	150000.0	1
11,347	867.35	450.05	85.729	150000.0	1
11,348	867.4	450.05	85.733	150000.0	1
11,349	867.45	450.05	85.737	150000.0	1
11,350	867.5	450.05	85.742	150000.0	1
11,351	867.55	450.05	85.746	150000.0	1
11,352	867.6	450.05	85.75	150000.0	1
11,353	867.65	450.05	85.754	150000.0	1
11,354	867.7	450.05	85.758	150000.0	1
11,355	867.75	450.05	85.762	150000.0	1
11,356	867.8	450.05	85.766	150000.0	1
11,357	867.85	450.05	85.77	150000.0	1
11,358	867.9	450.05	85.774	150000.0	1
11,359	867.95	450.05	85.778	150000.0	1
11,360	868.0	450.05	85.782	150000.0	1
11,361	868.05	450.05	85.786	150000.0	1
11,362	868.1	450.05	85.79	150000.0	1
11,363	868.15	450.05	85.794	150000.0	1
11,364	868.2	450.05	85.798	150000.0	1
11,365	868.25	450.05	85.803	150000.0	1
11,366	868.3	450.05	85.807	150000.0	1
11,367	868.35	450.05	85.811	150000.0	1
11,368	868.4	450.05	85.815	150000.0	1
11,369	868.45	450.05	85.819	150000.0	1
11,370	868.5	450.05	85.823	150000.0	1
11,371	868.55	450.05	85.827	150000.0	1
11,372	868.6	450.05	85.831	150000.0	1
11,373	868.65	450.05	85.835	150000.0	1
11,374	868.7	450.05	85.839	150000.0	1
11,375	868.75	450.05	85.843	150000.0	1
11,376	868.8	450.05	85.847	150000.0	1
11,377	868.85	450.05	85.851	150000.0	1
11,378	868.9	450.05	85.855	150000.0	1
11,379	868.95	450.05	85.86	150000.0	1
11,380	869.0	450.05	85.864	150000.0	1
11,381	869.05	450.05	85.868	150000.0	1
11,382	869.1	450.05	85.872	150000.0	1
11,383	869.15	450.05	85.876	150000.0	1
11,384	869.2	450.05	85.88	150000.0	1
11,385	869.25	450.05	85.884	150000.0	1
11,386	869.3	450.05	85.888	150000.0	1
11,387	869.35	450.05	85.892	150000.0	1
11,388	869.4	450.05	85.896	150000.0	1
11,389	869.45	450.05	85.9	150000.0	1
11,390	869.5	450.05	85.904	150000.0	1
11,391	869.55	450.05	85.908	150000.0	1
11,392	869.6	450.05	85.912	150000.0	1
11,393	869.65	450.05	85.916	150000.0	1
11,394	869.7	450.05	85.921	150000.0	1
11,395	869.75	450.05	85.925	150000.0	1
11,396	869.8	450.05	85.929	150000.0	1
11,397	869.85	450.05	85.933	150000.0	1
11,398	869.9	450.05	85.937	150000.0	1
11,399	869.95	450.05	85.941	150000.0	1
11,400	870.0	450.05	85.945	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →