Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

9,601–9,700 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
9,601	780.05	450.05	78.626	150000.0	1
9,602	780.1	450.05	78.63	150000.0	1
9,603	780.15	450.05	78.634	150000.0	1
9,604	780.2	450.05	78.639	150000.0	1
9,605	780.25	450.05	78.643	150000.0	1
9,606	780.3	450.05	78.647	150000.0	1
9,607	780.35	450.05	78.651	150000.0	1
9,608	780.4	450.05	78.655	150000.0	1
9,609	780.45	450.05	78.659	150000.0	1
9,610	780.5	450.05	78.663	150000.0	1
9,611	780.55	450.05	78.667	150000.0	1
9,612	780.6	450.05	78.671	150000.0	1
9,613	780.65	450.05	78.675	150000.0	1
9,614	780.7	450.05	78.679	150000.0	1
9,615	780.75	450.05	78.683	150000.0	1
9,616	780.8	450.05	78.687	150000.0	1
9,617	780.85	450.05	78.691	150000.0	1
9,618	780.9	450.05	78.695	150000.0	1
9,619	780.95	450.05	78.7	150000.0	1
9,620	781.0	450.05	78.704	150000.0	1
9,621	781.05	450.05	78.708	150000.0	1
9,622	781.1	450.05	78.712	150000.0	1
9,623	781.15	450.05	78.716	150000.0	1
9,624	781.2	450.05	78.72	150000.0	1
9,625	781.25	450.05	78.724	150000.0	1
9,626	781.3	450.05	78.728	150000.0	1
9,627	781.35	450.05	78.732	150000.0	1
9,628	781.4	450.05	78.736	150000.0	1
9,629	781.45	450.05	78.74	150000.0	1
9,630	781.5	450.05	78.744	150000.0	1
9,631	781.55	450.05	78.748	150000.0	1
9,632	781.6	450.05	78.752	150000.0	1
9,633	781.65	450.05	78.757	150000.0	1
9,634	781.7	450.05	78.761	150000.0	1
9,635	781.75	450.05	78.765	150000.0	1
9,636	781.8	450.05	78.769	150000.0	1
9,637	781.85	450.05	78.773	150000.0	1
9,638	781.9	450.05	78.777	150000.0	1
9,639	781.95	450.05	78.781	150000.0	1
9,640	782.0	450.05	78.785	150000.0	1
9,641	782.05	450.05	78.789	150000.0	1
9,642	782.1	450.05	78.793	150000.0	1
9,643	782.15	450.05	78.797	150000.0	1
9,644	782.2	450.05	78.801	150000.0	1
9,645	782.25	450.05	78.805	150000.0	1
9,646	782.3	450.05	78.809	150000.0	1
9,647	782.35	450.05	78.813	150000.0	1
9,648	782.4	450.05	78.818	150000.0	1
9,649	782.45	450.05	78.822	150000.0	1
9,650	782.5	450.05	78.826	150000.0	1
9,651	782.55	450.05	78.83	150000.0	1
9,652	782.6	450.05	78.834	150000.0	1
9,653	782.65	450.05	78.838	150000.0	1
9,654	782.7	450.05	78.842	150000.0	1
9,655	782.75	450.05	78.846	150000.0	1
9,656	782.8	450.05	78.85	150000.0	1
9,657	782.85	450.05	78.854	150000.0	1
9,658	782.9	450.05	78.858	150000.0	1
9,659	782.95	450.05	78.862	150000.0	1
9,660	783.0	450.05	78.866	150000.0	1
9,661	783.05	450.05	78.87	150000.0	1
9,662	783.1	450.05	78.874	150000.0	1
9,663	783.15	450.05	78.879	150000.0	1
9,664	783.2	450.05	78.883	150000.0	1
9,665	783.25	450.05	78.887	150000.0	1
9,666	783.3	450.05	78.891	150000.0	1
9,667	783.35	450.05	78.895	150000.0	1
9,668	783.4	450.05	78.899	150000.0	1
9,669	783.45	450.05	78.903	150000.0	1
9,670	783.5	450.05	78.907	150000.0	1
9,671	783.55	450.05	78.911	150000.0	1
9,672	783.6	450.05	78.915	150000.0	1
9,673	783.65	450.05	78.919	150000.0	1
9,674	783.7	450.05	78.923	150000.0	1
9,675	783.75	450.05	78.927	150000.0	1
9,676	783.8	450.05	78.931	150000.0	1
9,677	783.85	450.05	78.936	150000.0	1
9,678	783.9	450.05	78.94	150000.0	1
9,679	783.95	450.05	78.944	150000.0	1
9,680	784.0	450.05	78.948	150000.0	1
9,681	784.05	450.05	78.952	150000.0	1
9,682	784.1	450.05	78.956	150000.0	1
9,683	784.15	450.05	78.96	150000.0	1
9,684	784.2	450.05	78.964	150000.0	1
9,685	784.25	450.05	78.968	150000.0	1
9,686	784.3	450.05	78.972	150000.0	1
9,687	784.35	450.05	78.976	150000.0	1
9,688	784.4	450.05	78.98	150000.0	1
9,689	784.45	450.05	78.984	150000.0	1
9,690	784.5	450.05	78.988	150000.0	1
9,691	784.55	450.05	78.992	150000.0	1
9,692	784.6	450.05	78.997	150000.0	1
9,693	784.65	450.05	79.001	150000.0	1
9,694	784.7	450.05	79.005	150000.0	1
9,695	784.75	450.05	79.009	150000.0	1
9,696	784.8	450.05	79.013	150000.0	1
9,697	784.85	450.05	79.017	150000.0	1
9,698	784.9	450.05	79.021	150000.0	1
9,699	784.95	450.05	79.025	150000.0	1
9,700	785.0	450.05	79.029	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →