Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

9,501–9,600 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
9,501	775.05	450.05	78.22	150000.0	1
9,502	775.1	450.05	78.224	150000.0	1
9,503	775.15	450.05	78.228	150000.0	1
9,504	775.2	450.05	78.232	150000.0	1
9,505	775.25	450.05	78.236	150000.0	1
9,506	775.3	450.05	78.24	150000.0	1
9,507	775.35	450.05	78.244	150000.0	1
9,508	775.4	450.05	78.248	150000.0	1
9,509	775.45	450.05	78.252	150000.0	1
9,510	775.5	450.05	78.256	150000.0	1
9,511	775.55	450.05	78.26	150000.0	1
9,512	775.6	450.05	78.264	150000.0	1
9,513	775.65	450.05	78.268	150000.0	1
9,514	775.7	450.05	78.272	150000.0	1
9,515	775.75	450.05	78.276	150000.0	1
9,516	775.8	450.05	78.281	150000.0	1
9,517	775.85	450.05	78.285	150000.0	1
9,518	775.9	450.05	78.289	150000.0	1
9,519	775.95	450.05	78.293	150000.0	1
9,520	776.0	450.05	78.297	150000.0	1
9,521	776.05	450.05	78.301	150000.0	1
9,522	776.1	450.05	78.305	150000.0	1
9,523	776.15	450.05	78.309	150000.0	1
9,524	776.2	450.05	78.313	150000.0	1
9,525	776.25	450.05	78.317	150000.0	1
9,526	776.3	450.05	78.321	150000.0	1
9,527	776.35	450.05	78.325	150000.0	1
9,528	776.4	450.05	78.329	150000.0	1
9,529	776.45	450.05	78.333	150000.0	1
9,530	776.5	450.05	78.338	150000.0	1
9,531	776.55	450.05	78.342	150000.0	1
9,532	776.6	450.05	78.346	150000.0	1
9,533	776.65	450.05	78.35	150000.0	1
9,534	776.7	450.05	78.354	150000.0	1
9,535	776.75	450.05	78.358	150000.0	1
9,536	776.8	450.05	78.362	150000.0	1
9,537	776.85	450.05	78.366	150000.0	1
9,538	776.9	450.05	78.37	150000.0	1
9,539	776.95	450.05	78.374	150000.0	1
9,540	777.0	450.05	78.378	150000.0	1
9,541	777.05	450.05	78.382	150000.0	1
9,542	777.1	450.05	78.386	150000.0	1
9,543	777.15	450.05	78.39	150000.0	1
9,544	777.2	450.05	78.394	150000.0	1
9,545	777.25	450.05	78.399	150000.0	1
9,546	777.3	450.05	78.403	150000.0	1
9,547	777.35	450.05	78.407	150000.0	1
9,548	777.4	450.05	78.411	150000.0	1
9,549	777.45	450.05	78.415	150000.0	1
9,550	777.5	450.05	78.419	150000.0	1
9,551	777.55	450.05	78.423	150000.0	1
9,552	777.6	450.05	78.427	150000.0	1
9,553	777.65	450.05	78.431	150000.0	1
9,554	777.7	450.05	78.435	150000.0	1
9,555	777.75	450.05	78.439	150000.0	1
9,556	777.8	450.05	78.443	150000.0	1
9,557	777.85	450.05	78.447	150000.0	1
9,558	777.9	450.05	78.451	150000.0	1
9,559	777.95	450.05	78.455	150000.0	1
9,560	778.0	450.05	78.46	150000.0	1
9,561	778.05	450.05	78.464	150000.0	1
9,562	778.1	450.05	78.468	150000.0	1
9,563	778.15	450.05	78.472	150000.0	1
9,564	778.2	450.05	78.476	150000.0	1
9,565	778.25	450.05	78.48	150000.0	1
9,566	778.3	450.05	78.484	150000.0	1
9,567	778.35	450.05	78.488	150000.0	1
9,568	778.4	450.05	78.492	150000.0	1
9,569	778.45	450.05	78.496	150000.0	1
9,570	778.5	450.05	78.5	150000.0	1
9,571	778.55	450.05	78.504	150000.0	1
9,572	778.6	450.05	78.508	150000.0	1
9,573	778.65	450.05	78.512	150000.0	1
9,574	778.7	450.05	78.516	150000.0	1
9,575	778.75	450.05	78.521	150000.0	1
9,576	778.8	450.05	78.525	150000.0	1
9,577	778.85	450.05	78.529	150000.0	1
9,578	778.9	450.05	78.533	150000.0	1
9,579	778.95	450.05	78.537	150000.0	1
9,580	779.0	450.05	78.541	150000.0	1
9,581	779.05	450.05	78.545	150000.0	1
9,582	779.1	450.05	78.549	150000.0	1
9,583	779.15	450.05	78.553	150000.0	1
9,584	779.2	450.05	78.557	150000.0	1
9,585	779.25	450.05	78.561	150000.0	1
9,586	779.3	450.05	78.565	150000.0	1
9,587	779.35	450.05	78.569	150000.0	1
9,588	779.4	450.05	78.573	150000.0	1
9,589	779.45	450.05	78.578	150000.0	1
9,590	779.5	450.05	78.582	150000.0	1
9,591	779.55	450.05	78.586	150000.0	1
9,592	779.6	450.05	78.59	150000.0	1
9,593	779.65	450.05	78.594	150000.0	1
9,594	779.7	450.05	78.598	150000.0	1
9,595	779.75	450.05	78.602	150000.0	1
9,596	779.8	450.05	78.606	150000.0	1
9,597	779.85	450.05	78.61	150000.0	1
9,598	779.9	450.05	78.614	150000.0	1
9,599	779.95	450.05	78.618	150000.0	1
9,600	780.0	450.05	78.622	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →