Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

9,401–9,500 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
9,401	770.05	450.05	77.813	150000.0	1
9,402	770.1	450.05	77.817	150000.0	1
9,403	770.15	450.05	77.821	150000.0	1
9,404	770.2	450.05	77.825	150000.0	1
9,405	770.25	450.05	77.829	150000.0	1
9,406	770.3	450.05	77.833	150000.0	1
9,407	770.35	450.05	77.837	150000.0	1
9,408	770.4	450.05	77.841	150000.0	1
9,409	770.45	450.05	77.845	150000.0	1
9,410	770.5	450.05	77.849	150000.0	1
9,411	770.55	450.05	77.853	150000.0	1
9,412	770.6	450.05	77.857	150000.0	1
9,413	770.65	450.05	77.862	150000.0	1
9,414	770.7	450.05	77.866	150000.0	1
9,415	770.75	450.05	77.87	150000.0	1
9,416	770.8	450.05	77.874	150000.0	1
9,417	770.85	450.05	77.878	150000.0	1
9,418	770.9	450.05	77.882	150000.0	1
9,419	770.95	450.05	77.886	150000.0	1
9,420	771.0	450.05	77.89	150000.0	1
9,421	771.05	450.05	77.894	150000.0	1
9,422	771.1	450.05	77.898	150000.0	1
9,423	771.15	450.05	77.902	150000.0	1
9,424	771.2	450.05	77.906	150000.0	1
9,425	771.25	450.05	77.91	150000.0	1
9,426	771.3	450.05	77.914	150000.0	1
9,427	771.35	450.05	77.918	150000.0	1
9,428	771.4	450.05	77.923	150000.0	1
9,429	771.45	450.05	77.927	150000.0	1
9,430	771.5	450.05	77.931	150000.0	1
9,431	771.55	450.05	77.935	150000.0	1
9,432	771.6	450.05	77.939	150000.0	1
9,433	771.65	450.05	77.943	150000.0	1
9,434	771.7	450.05	77.947	150000.0	1
9,435	771.75	450.05	77.951	150000.0	1
9,436	771.8	450.05	77.955	150000.0	1
9,437	771.85	450.05	77.959	150000.0	1
9,438	771.9	450.05	77.963	150000.0	1
9,439	771.95	450.05	77.967	150000.0	1
9,440	772.0	450.05	77.971	150000.0	1
9,441	772.05	450.05	77.975	150000.0	1
9,442	772.1	450.05	77.98	150000.0	1
9,443	772.15	450.05	77.984	150000.0	1
9,444	772.2	450.05	77.988	150000.0	1
9,445	772.25	450.05	77.992	150000.0	1
9,446	772.3	450.05	77.996	150000.0	1
9,447	772.35	450.05	78.0	150000.0	1
9,448	772.4	450.05	78.004	150000.0	1
9,449	772.45	450.05	78.008	150000.0	1
9,450	772.5	450.05	78.012	150000.0	1
9,451	772.55	450.05	78.016	150000.0	1
9,452	772.6	450.05	78.02	150000.0	1
9,453	772.65	450.05	78.024	150000.0	1
9,454	772.7	450.05	78.028	150000.0	1
9,455	772.75	450.05	78.032	150000.0	1
9,456	772.8	450.05	78.036	150000.0	1
9,457	772.85	450.05	78.041	150000.0	1
9,458	772.9	450.05	78.045	150000.0	1
9,459	772.95	450.05	78.049	150000.0	1
9,460	773.0	450.05	78.053	150000.0	1
9,461	773.05	450.05	78.057	150000.0	1
9,462	773.1	450.05	78.061	150000.0	1
9,463	773.15	450.05	78.065	150000.0	1
9,464	773.2	450.05	78.069	150000.0	1
9,465	773.25	450.05	78.073	150000.0	1
9,466	773.3	450.05	78.077	150000.0	1
9,467	773.35	450.05	78.081	150000.0	1
9,468	773.4	450.05	78.085	150000.0	1
9,469	773.45	450.05	78.089	150000.0	1
9,470	773.5	450.05	78.093	150000.0	1
9,471	773.55	450.05	78.097	150000.0	1
9,472	773.6	450.05	78.102	150000.0	1
9,473	773.65	450.05	78.106	150000.0	1
9,474	773.7	450.05	78.11	150000.0	1
9,475	773.75	450.05	78.114	150000.0	1
9,476	773.8	450.05	78.118	150000.0	1
9,477	773.85	450.05	78.122	150000.0	1
9,478	773.9	450.05	78.126	150000.0	1
9,479	773.95	450.05	78.13	150000.0	1
9,480	774.0	450.05	78.134	150000.0	1
9,481	774.05	450.05	78.138	150000.0	1
9,482	774.1	450.05	78.142	150000.0	1
9,483	774.15	450.05	78.146	150000.0	1
9,484	774.2	450.05	78.15	150000.0	1
9,485	774.25	450.05	78.154	150000.0	1
9,486	774.3	450.05	78.159	150000.0	1
9,487	774.35	450.05	78.163	150000.0	1
9,488	774.4	450.05	78.167	150000.0	1
9,489	774.45	450.05	78.171	150000.0	1
9,490	774.5	450.05	78.175	150000.0	1
9,491	774.55	450.05	78.179	150000.0	1
9,492	774.6	450.05	78.183	150000.0	1
9,493	774.65	450.05	78.187	150000.0	1
9,494	774.7	450.05	78.191	150000.0	1
9,495	774.75	450.05	78.195	150000.0	1
9,496	774.8	450.05	78.199	150000.0	1
9,497	774.85	450.05	78.203	150000.0	1
9,498	774.9	450.05	78.207	150000.0	1
9,499	774.95	450.05	78.211	150000.0	1
9,500	775.0	450.05	78.215	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →