Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

801–900 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
801	340.05	450.05	42.827	150000.0	1
802	340.1	450.05	42.831	150000.0	1
803	340.15	450.05	42.835	150000.0	1
804	340.2	450.05	42.839	150000.0	1
805	340.25	450.05	42.843	150000.0	1
806	340.3	450.05	42.847	150000.0	1
807	340.35	450.05	42.851	150000.0	1
808	340.4	450.05	42.855	150000.0	1
809	340.45	450.05	42.859	150000.0	1
810	340.5	450.05	42.863	150000.0	1
811	340.55	450.05	42.867	150000.0	1
812	340.6	450.05	42.871	150000.0	1
813	340.65	450.05	42.875	150000.0	1
814	340.7	450.05	42.879	150000.0	1
815	340.75	450.05	42.884	150000.0	1
816	340.8	450.05	42.888	150000.0	1
817	340.85	450.05	42.892	150000.0	1
818	340.9	450.05	42.896	150000.0	1
819	340.95	450.05	42.9	150000.0	1
820	341.0	450.05	42.904	150000.0	1
821	341.05	450.05	42.908	150000.0	1
822	341.1	450.05	42.912	150000.0	1
823	341.15	450.05	42.916	150000.0	1
824	341.2	450.05	42.92	150000.0	1
825	341.25	450.05	42.924	150000.0	1
826	341.3	450.05	42.928	150000.0	1
827	341.35	450.05	42.932	150000.0	1
828	341.4	450.05	42.936	150000.0	1
829	341.45	450.05	42.941	150000.0	1
830	341.5	450.05	42.945	150000.0	1
831	341.55	450.05	42.949	150000.0	1
832	341.6	450.05	42.953	150000.0	1
833	341.65	450.05	42.957	150000.0	1
834	341.7	450.05	42.961	150000.0	1
835	341.75	450.05	42.965	150000.0	1
836	341.8	450.05	42.969	150000.0	1
837	341.85	450.05	42.973	150000.0	1
838	341.9	450.05	42.977	150000.0	1
839	341.95	450.05	42.981	150000.0	1
840	342.0	450.05	42.985	150000.0	1
841	342.05	450.05	42.989	150000.0	1
842	342.1	450.05	42.993	150000.0	1
843	342.15	450.05	42.997	150000.0	1
844	342.2	450.05	43.002	150000.0	1
845	342.25	450.05	43.006	150000.0	1
846	342.3	450.05	43.01	150000.0	1
847	342.35	450.05	43.014	150000.0	1
848	342.4	450.05	43.018	150000.0	1
849	342.45	450.05	43.022	150000.0	1
850	342.5	450.05	43.026	150000.0	1
851	342.55	450.05	43.03	150000.0	1
852	342.6	450.05	43.034	150000.0	1
853	342.65	450.05	43.038	150000.0	1
854	342.7	450.05	43.042	150000.0	1
855	342.75	450.05	43.046	150000.0	1
856	342.8	450.05	43.05	150000.0	1
857	342.85	450.05	43.054	150000.0	1
858	342.9	450.05	43.058	150000.0	1
859	342.95	450.05	43.063	150000.0	1
860	343.0	450.05	43.067	150000.0	1
861	343.05	450.05	43.071	150000.0	1
862	343.1	450.05	43.075	150000.0	1
863	343.15	450.05	43.079	150000.0	1
864	343.2	450.05	43.083	150000.0	1
865	343.25	450.05	43.087	150000.0	1
866	343.3	450.05	43.091	150000.0	1
867	343.35	450.05	43.095	150000.0	1
868	343.4	450.05	43.099	150000.0	1
869	343.45	450.05	43.103	150000.0	1
870	343.5	450.05	43.107	150000.0	1
871	343.55	450.05	43.111	150000.0	1
872	343.6	450.05	43.115	150000.0	1
873	343.65	450.05	43.12	150000.0	1
874	343.7	450.05	43.124	150000.0	1
875	343.75	450.05	43.128	150000.0	1
876	343.8	450.05	43.132	150000.0	1
877	343.85	450.05	43.136	150000.0	1
878	343.9	450.05	43.14	150000.0	1
879	343.95	450.05	43.144	150000.0	1
880	344.0	450.05	43.148	150000.0	1
881	344.05	450.05	43.152	150000.0	1
882	344.1	450.05	43.156	150000.0	1
883	344.15	450.05	43.16	150000.0	1
884	344.2	450.05	43.164	150000.0	1
885	344.25	450.05	43.168	150000.0	1
886	344.3	450.05	43.172	150000.0	1
887	344.35	450.05	43.176	150000.0	1
888	344.4	450.05	43.181	150000.0	1
889	344.45	450.05	43.185	150000.0	1
890	344.5	450.05	43.189	150000.0	1
891	344.55	450.05	43.193	150000.0	1
892	344.6	450.05	43.197	150000.0	1
893	344.65	450.05	43.201	150000.0	1
894	344.7	450.05	43.205	150000.0	1
895	344.75	450.05	43.209	150000.0	1
896	344.8	450.05	43.213	150000.0	1
897	344.85	450.05	43.217	150000.0	1
898	344.9	450.05	43.221	150000.0	1
899	344.95	450.05	43.225	150000.0	1
900	345.0	450.05	43.229	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →