Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

701–800 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
701	335.05	450.05	42.42	150000.0	1
702	335.1	450.05	42.424	150000.0	1
703	335.15	450.05	42.428	150000.0	1
704	335.2	450.05	42.432	150000.0	1
705	335.25	450.05	42.436	150000.0	1
706	335.3	450.05	42.44	150000.0	1
707	335.35	450.05	42.444	150000.0	1
708	335.4	450.05	42.448	150000.0	1
709	335.45	450.05	42.452	150000.0	1
710	335.5	450.05	42.456	150000.0	1
711	335.55	450.05	42.46	150000.0	1
712	335.6	450.05	42.465	150000.0	1
713	335.65	450.05	42.469	150000.0	1
714	335.7	450.05	42.473	150000.0	1
715	335.75	450.05	42.477	150000.0	1
716	335.8	450.05	42.481	150000.0	1
717	335.85	450.05	42.485	150000.0	1
718	335.9	450.05	42.489	150000.0	1
719	335.95	450.05	42.493	150000.0	1
720	336.0	450.05	42.497	150000.0	1
721	336.05	450.05	42.501	150000.0	1
722	336.1	450.05	42.505	150000.0	1
723	336.15	450.05	42.509	150000.0	1
724	336.2	450.05	42.513	150000.0	1
725	336.25	450.05	42.517	150000.0	1
726	336.3	450.05	42.521	150000.0	1
727	336.35	450.05	42.526	150000.0	1
728	336.4	450.05	42.53	150000.0	1
729	336.45	450.05	42.534	150000.0	1
730	336.5	450.05	42.538	150000.0	1
731	336.55	450.05	42.542	150000.0	1
732	336.6	450.05	42.546	150000.0	1
733	336.65	450.05	42.55	150000.0	1
734	336.7	450.05	42.554	150000.0	1
735	336.75	450.05	42.558	150000.0	1
736	336.8	450.05	42.562	150000.0	1
737	336.85	450.05	42.566	150000.0	1
738	336.9	450.05	42.57	150000.0	1
739	336.95	450.05	42.574	150000.0	1
740	337.0	450.05	42.578	150000.0	1
741	337.05	450.05	42.583	150000.0	1
742	337.1	450.05	42.587	150000.0	1
743	337.15	450.05	42.591	150000.0	1
744	337.2	450.05	42.595	150000.0	1
745	337.25	450.05	42.599	150000.0	1
746	337.3	450.05	42.603	150000.0	1
747	337.35	450.05	42.607	150000.0	1
748	337.4	450.05	42.611	150000.0	1
749	337.45	450.05	42.615	150000.0	1
750	337.5	450.05	42.619	150000.0	1
751	337.55	450.05	42.623	150000.0	1
752	337.6	450.05	42.627	150000.0	1
753	337.65	450.05	42.631	150000.0	1
754	337.7	450.05	42.635	150000.0	1
755	337.75	450.05	42.639	150000.0	1
756	337.8	450.05	42.644	150000.0	1
757	337.85	450.05	42.648	150000.0	1
758	337.9	450.05	42.652	150000.0	1
759	337.95	450.05	42.656	150000.0	1
760	338.0	450.05	42.66	150000.0	1
761	338.05	450.05	42.664	150000.0	1
762	338.1	450.05	42.668	150000.0	1
763	338.15	450.05	42.672	150000.0	1
764	338.2	450.05	42.676	150000.0	1
765	338.25	450.05	42.68	150000.0	1
766	338.3	450.05	42.684	150000.0	1
767	338.35	450.05	42.688	150000.0	1
768	338.4	450.05	42.692	150000.0	1
769	338.45	450.05	42.696	150000.0	1
770	338.5	450.05	42.7	150000.0	1
771	338.55	450.05	42.705	150000.0	1
772	338.6	450.05	42.709	150000.0	1
773	338.65	450.05	42.713	150000.0	1
774	338.7	450.05	42.717	150000.0	1
775	338.75	450.05	42.721	150000.0	1
776	338.8	450.05	42.725	150000.0	1
777	338.85	450.05	42.729	150000.0	1
778	338.9	450.05	42.733	150000.0	1
779	338.95	450.05	42.737	150000.0	1
780	339.0	450.05	42.741	150000.0	1
781	339.05	450.05	42.745	150000.0	1
782	339.1	450.05	42.749	150000.0	1
783	339.15	450.05	42.753	150000.0	1
784	339.2	450.05	42.757	150000.0	1
785	339.25	450.05	42.762	150000.0	1
786	339.3	450.05	42.766	150000.0	1
787	339.35	450.05	42.77	150000.0	1
788	339.4	450.05	42.774	150000.0	1
789	339.45	450.05	42.778	150000.0	1
790	339.5	450.05	42.782	150000.0	1
791	339.55	450.05	42.786	150000.0	1
792	339.6	450.05	42.79	150000.0	1
793	339.65	450.05	42.794	150000.0	1
794	339.7	450.05	42.798	150000.0	1
795	339.75	450.05	42.802	150000.0	1
796	339.8	450.05	42.806	150000.0	1
797	339.85	450.05	42.81	150000.0	1
798	339.9	450.05	42.814	150000.0	1
799	339.95	450.05	42.818	150000.0	1
800	340.0	450.05	42.823	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →