Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

601–700 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
601	330.05	450.05	42.013	150000.0	1
602	330.1	450.05	42.017	150000.0	1
603	330.15	450.05	42.021	150000.0	1
604	330.2	450.05	42.025	150000.0	1
605	330.25	450.05	42.029	150000.0	1
606	330.3	450.05	42.033	150000.0	1
607	330.35	450.05	42.037	150000.0	1
608	330.4	450.05	42.041	150000.0	1
609	330.45	450.05	42.046	150000.0	1
610	330.5	450.05	42.05	150000.0	1
611	330.55	450.05	42.054	150000.0	1
612	330.6	450.05	42.058	150000.0	1
613	330.65	450.05	42.062	150000.0	1
614	330.7	450.05	42.066	150000.0	1
615	330.75	450.05	42.07	150000.0	1
616	330.8	450.05	42.074	150000.0	1
617	330.85	450.05	42.078	150000.0	1
618	330.9	450.05	42.082	150000.0	1
619	330.95	450.05	42.086	150000.0	1
620	331.0	450.05	42.09	150000.0	1
621	331.05	450.05	42.094	150000.0	1
622	331.1	450.05	42.098	150000.0	1
623	331.15	450.05	42.102	150000.0	1
624	331.2	450.05	42.107	150000.0	1
625	331.25	450.05	42.111	150000.0	1
626	331.3	450.05	42.115	150000.0	1
627	331.35	450.05	42.119	150000.0	1
628	331.4	450.05	42.123	150000.0	1
629	331.45	450.05	42.127	150000.0	1
630	331.5	450.05	42.131	150000.0	1
631	331.55	450.05	42.135	150000.0	1
632	331.6	450.05	42.139	150000.0	1
633	331.65	450.05	42.143	150000.0	1
634	331.7	450.05	42.147	150000.0	1
635	331.75	450.05	42.151	150000.0	1
636	331.8	450.05	42.155	150000.0	1
637	331.85	450.05	42.159	150000.0	1
638	331.9	450.05	42.163	150000.0	1
639	331.95	450.05	42.168	150000.0	1
640	332.0	450.05	42.172	150000.0	1
641	332.05	450.05	42.176	150000.0	1
642	332.1	450.05	42.18	150000.0	1
643	332.15	450.05	42.184	150000.0	1
644	332.2	450.05	42.188	150000.0	1
645	332.25	450.05	42.192	150000.0	1
646	332.3	450.05	42.196	150000.0	1
647	332.35	450.05	42.2	150000.0	1
648	332.4	450.05	42.204	150000.0	1
649	332.45	450.05	42.208	150000.0	1
650	332.5	450.05	42.212	150000.0	1
651	332.55	450.05	42.216	150000.0	1
652	332.6	450.05	42.22	150000.0	1
653	332.65	450.05	42.225	150000.0	1
654	332.7	450.05	42.229	150000.0	1
655	332.75	450.05	42.233	150000.0	1
656	332.8	450.05	42.237	150000.0	1
657	332.85	450.05	42.241	150000.0	1
658	332.9	450.05	42.245	150000.0	1
659	332.95	450.05	42.249	150000.0	1
660	333.0	450.05	42.253	150000.0	1
661	333.05	450.05	42.257	150000.0	1
662	333.1	450.05	42.261	150000.0	1
663	333.15	450.05	42.265	150000.0	1
664	333.2	450.05	42.269	150000.0	1
665	333.25	450.05	42.273	150000.0	1
666	333.3	450.05	42.277	150000.0	1
667	333.35	450.05	42.281	150000.0	1
668	333.4	450.05	42.286	150000.0	1
669	333.45	450.05	42.29	150000.0	1
670	333.5	450.05	42.294	150000.0	1
671	333.55	450.05	42.298	150000.0	1
672	333.6	450.05	42.302	150000.0	1
673	333.65	450.05	42.306	150000.0	1
674	333.7	450.05	42.31	150000.0	1
675	333.75	450.05	42.314	150000.0	1
676	333.8	450.05	42.318	150000.0	1
677	333.85	450.05	42.322	150000.0	1
678	333.9	450.05	42.326	150000.0	1
679	333.95	450.05	42.33	150000.0	1
680	334.0	450.05	42.334	150000.0	1
681	334.05	450.05	42.338	150000.0	1
682	334.1	450.05	42.342	150000.0	1
683	334.15	450.05	42.347	150000.0	1
684	334.2	450.05	42.351	150000.0	1
685	334.25	450.05	42.355	150000.0	1
686	334.3	450.05	42.359	150000.0	1
687	334.35	450.05	42.363	150000.0	1
688	334.4	450.05	42.367	150000.0	1
689	334.45	450.05	42.371	150000.0	1
690	334.5	450.05	42.375	150000.0	1
691	334.55	450.05	42.379	150000.0	1
692	334.6	450.05	42.383	150000.0	1
693	334.65	450.05	42.387	150000.0	1
694	334.7	450.05	42.391	150000.0	1
695	334.75	450.05	42.395	150000.0	1
696	334.8	450.05	42.399	150000.0	1
697	334.85	450.05	42.404	150000.0	1
698	334.9	450.05	42.408	150000.0	1
699	334.95	450.05	42.412	150000.0	1
700	335.0	450.05	42.416	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →