Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

10,601–10,700 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
10,601	830.05	450.05	82.694	150000.0	1
10,602	830.1	450.05	82.699	150000.0	1
10,603	830.15	450.05	82.703	150000.0	1
10,604	830.2	450.05	82.707	150000.0	1
10,605	830.25	450.05	82.711	150000.0	1
10,606	830.3	450.05	82.715	150000.0	1
10,607	830.35	450.05	82.719	150000.0	1
10,608	830.4	450.05	82.723	150000.0	1
10,609	830.45	450.05	82.727	150000.0	1
10,610	830.5	450.05	82.731	150000.0	1
10,611	830.55	450.05	82.735	150000.0	1
10,612	830.6	450.05	82.739	150000.0	1
10,613	830.65	450.05	82.743	150000.0	1
10,614	830.7	450.05	82.747	150000.0	1
10,615	830.75	450.05	82.751	150000.0	1
10,616	830.8	450.05	82.756	150000.0	1
10,617	830.85	450.05	82.76	150000.0	1
10,618	830.9	450.05	82.764	150000.0	1
10,619	830.95	450.05	82.768	150000.0	1
10,620	831.0	450.05	82.772	150000.0	1
10,621	831.05	450.05	82.776	150000.0	1
10,622	831.1	450.05	82.78	150000.0	1
10,623	831.15	450.05	82.784	150000.0	1
10,624	831.2	450.05	82.788	150000.0	1
10,625	831.25	450.05	82.792	150000.0	1
10,626	831.3	450.05	82.796	150000.0	1
10,627	831.35	450.05	82.8	150000.0	1
10,628	831.4	450.05	82.804	150000.0	1
10,629	831.45	450.05	82.808	150000.0	1
10,630	831.5	450.05	82.812	150000.0	1
10,631	831.55	450.05	82.817	150000.0	1
10,632	831.6	450.05	82.821	150000.0	1
10,633	831.65	450.05	82.825	150000.0	1
10,634	831.7	450.05	82.829	150000.0	1
10,635	831.75	450.05	82.833	150000.0	1
10,636	831.8	450.05	82.837	150000.0	1
10,637	831.85	450.05	82.841	150000.0	1
10,638	831.9	450.05	82.845	150000.0	1
10,639	831.95	450.05	82.849	150000.0	1
10,640	832.0	450.05	82.853	150000.0	1
10,641	832.05	450.05	82.857	150000.0	1
10,642	832.1	450.05	82.861	150000.0	1
10,643	832.15	450.05	82.865	150000.0	1
10,644	832.2	450.05	82.869	150000.0	1
10,645	832.25	450.05	82.873	150000.0	1
10,646	832.3	450.05	82.878	150000.0	1
10,647	832.35	450.05	82.882	150000.0	1
10,648	832.4	450.05	82.886	150000.0	1
10,649	832.45	450.05	82.89	150000.0	1
10,650	832.5	450.05	82.894	150000.0	1
10,651	832.55	450.05	82.898	150000.0	1
10,652	832.6	450.05	82.902	150000.0	1
10,653	832.65	450.05	82.906	150000.0	1
10,654	832.7	450.05	82.91	150000.0	1
10,655	832.75	450.05	82.914	150000.0	1
10,656	832.8	450.05	82.918	150000.0	1
10,657	832.85	450.05	82.922	150000.0	1
10,658	832.9	450.05	82.926	150000.0	1
10,659	832.95	450.05	82.93	150000.0	1
10,660	833.0	450.05	82.935	150000.0	1
10,661	833.05	450.05	82.939	150000.0	1
10,662	833.1	450.05	82.943	150000.0	1
10,663	833.15	450.05	82.947	150000.0	1
10,664	833.2	450.05	82.951	150000.0	1
10,665	833.25	450.05	82.955	150000.0	1
10,666	833.3	450.05	82.959	150000.0	1
10,667	833.35	450.05	82.963	150000.0	1
10,668	833.4	450.05	82.967	150000.0	1
10,669	833.45	450.05	82.971	150000.0	1
10,670	833.5	450.05	82.975	150000.0	1
10,671	833.55	450.05	82.979	150000.0	1
10,672	833.6	450.05	82.983	150000.0	1
10,673	833.65	450.05	82.987	150000.0	1
10,674	833.7	450.05	82.991	150000.0	1
10,675	833.75	450.05	82.996	150000.0	1
10,676	833.8	450.05	83.0	150000.0	1
10,677	833.85	450.05	83.004	150000.0	1
10,678	833.9	450.05	83.008	150000.0	1
10,679	833.95	450.05	83.012	150000.0	1
10,680	834.0	450.05	83.016	150000.0	1
10,681	834.05	450.05	83.02	150000.0	1
10,682	834.1	450.05	83.024	150000.0	1
10,683	834.15	450.05	83.028	150000.0	1
10,684	834.2	450.05	83.032	150000.0	1
10,685	834.25	450.05	83.036	150000.0	1
10,686	834.3	450.05	83.04	150000.0	1
10,687	834.35	450.05	83.044	150000.0	1
10,688	834.4	450.05	83.048	150000.0	1
10,689	834.45	450.05	83.052	150000.0	1
10,690	834.5	450.05	83.057	150000.0	1
10,691	834.55	450.05	83.061	150000.0	1
10,692	834.6	450.05	83.065	150000.0	1
10,693	834.65	450.05	83.069	150000.0	1
10,694	834.7	450.05	83.073	150000.0	1
10,695	834.75	450.05	83.077	150000.0	1
10,696	834.8	450.05	83.081	150000.0	1
10,697	834.85	450.05	83.085	150000.0	1
10,698	834.9	450.05	83.089	150000.0	1
10,699	834.95	450.05	83.093	150000.0	1
10,700	835.0	450.05	83.097	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →