Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

10,401–10,500 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
10,401	820.05	450.05	81.881	150000.0	1
10,402	820.1	450.05	81.885	150000.0	1
10,403	820.15	450.05	81.889	150000.0	1
10,404	820.2	450.05	81.893	150000.0	1
10,405	820.25	450.05	81.897	150000.0	1
10,406	820.3	450.05	81.901	150000.0	1
10,407	820.35	450.05	81.905	150000.0	1
10,408	820.4	450.05	81.909	150000.0	1
10,409	820.45	450.05	81.913	150000.0	1
10,410	820.5	450.05	81.917	150000.0	1
10,411	820.55	450.05	81.922	150000.0	1
10,412	820.6	450.05	81.926	150000.0	1
10,413	820.65	450.05	81.93	150000.0	1
10,414	820.7	450.05	81.934	150000.0	1
10,415	820.75	450.05	81.938	150000.0	1
10,416	820.8	450.05	81.942	150000.0	1
10,417	820.85	450.05	81.946	150000.0	1
10,418	820.9	450.05	81.95	150000.0	1
10,419	820.95	450.05	81.954	150000.0	1
10,420	821.0	450.05	81.958	150000.0	1
10,421	821.05	450.05	81.962	150000.0	1
10,422	821.1	450.05	81.966	150000.0	1
10,423	821.15	450.05	81.97	150000.0	1
10,424	821.2	450.05	81.974	150000.0	1
10,425	821.25	450.05	81.978	150000.0	1
10,426	821.3	450.05	81.983	150000.0	1
10,427	821.35	450.05	81.987	150000.0	1
10,428	821.4	450.05	81.991	150000.0	1
10,429	821.45	450.05	81.995	150000.0	1
10,430	821.5	450.05	81.999	150000.0	1
10,431	821.55	450.05	82.003	150000.0	1
10,432	821.6	450.05	82.007	150000.0	1
10,433	821.65	450.05	82.011	150000.0	1
10,434	821.7	450.05	82.015	150000.0	1
10,435	821.75	450.05	82.019	150000.0	1
10,436	821.8	450.05	82.023	150000.0	1
10,437	821.85	450.05	82.027	150000.0	1
10,438	821.9	450.05	82.031	150000.0	1
10,439	821.95	450.05	82.035	150000.0	1
10,440	822.0	450.05	82.04	150000.0	1
10,441	822.05	450.05	82.044	150000.0	1
10,442	822.1	450.05	82.048	150000.0	1
10,443	822.15	450.05	82.052	150000.0	1
10,444	822.2	450.05	82.056	150000.0	1
10,445	822.25	450.05	82.06	150000.0	1
10,446	822.3	450.05	82.064	150000.0	1
10,447	822.35	450.05	82.068	150000.0	1
10,448	822.4	450.05	82.072	150000.0	1
10,449	822.45	450.05	82.076	150000.0	1
10,450	822.5	450.05	82.08	150000.0	1
10,451	822.55	450.05	82.084	150000.0	1
10,452	822.6	450.05	82.088	150000.0	1
10,453	822.65	450.05	82.092	150000.0	1
10,454	822.7	450.05	82.096	150000.0	1
10,455	822.75	450.05	82.101	150000.0	1
10,456	822.8	450.05	82.105	150000.0	1
10,457	822.85	450.05	82.109	150000.0	1
10,458	822.9	450.05	82.113	150000.0	1
10,459	822.95	450.05	82.117	150000.0	1
10,460	823.0	450.05	82.121	150000.0	1
10,461	823.05	450.05	82.125	150000.0	1
10,462	823.1	450.05	82.129	150000.0	1
10,463	823.15	450.05	82.133	150000.0	1
10,464	823.2	450.05	82.137	150000.0	1
10,465	823.25	450.05	82.141	150000.0	1
10,466	823.3	450.05	82.145	150000.0	1
10,467	823.35	450.05	82.149	150000.0	1
10,468	823.4	450.05	82.153	150000.0	1
10,469	823.45	450.05	82.157	150000.0	1
10,470	823.5	450.05	82.162	150000.0	1
10,471	823.55	450.05	82.166	150000.0	1
10,472	823.6	450.05	82.17	150000.0	1
10,473	823.65	450.05	82.174	150000.0	1
10,474	823.7	450.05	82.178	150000.0	1
10,475	823.75	450.05	82.182	150000.0	1
10,476	823.8	450.05	82.186	150000.0	1
10,477	823.85	450.05	82.19	150000.0	1
10,478	823.9	450.05	82.194	150000.0	1
10,479	823.95	450.05	82.198	150000.0	1
10,480	824.0	450.05	82.202	150000.0	1
10,481	824.05	450.05	82.206	150000.0	1
10,482	824.1	450.05	82.21	150000.0	1
10,483	824.15	450.05	82.214	150000.0	1
10,484	824.2	450.05	82.219	150000.0	1
10,485	824.25	450.05	82.223	150000.0	1
10,486	824.3	450.05	82.227	150000.0	1
10,487	824.35	450.05	82.231	150000.0	1
10,488	824.4	450.05	82.235	150000.0	1
10,489	824.45	450.05	82.239	150000.0	1
10,490	824.5	450.05	82.243	150000.0	1
10,491	824.55	450.05	82.247	150000.0	1
10,492	824.6	450.05	82.251	150000.0	1
10,493	824.65	450.05	82.255	150000.0	1
10,494	824.7	450.05	82.259	150000.0	1
10,495	824.75	450.05	82.263	150000.0	1
10,496	824.8	450.05	82.267	150000.0	1
10,497	824.85	450.05	82.271	150000.0	1
10,498	824.9	450.05	82.275	150000.0	1
10,499	824.95	450.05	82.28	150000.0	1
10,500	825.0	450.05	82.284	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →