Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

10,501–10,600 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
10,501	825.05	450.05	82.288	150000.0	1
10,502	825.1	450.05	82.292	150000.0	1
10,503	825.15	450.05	82.296	150000.0	1
10,504	825.2	450.05	82.3	150000.0	1
10,505	825.25	450.05	82.304	150000.0	1
10,506	825.3	450.05	82.308	150000.0	1
10,507	825.35	450.05	82.312	150000.0	1
10,508	825.4	450.05	82.316	150000.0	1
10,509	825.45	450.05	82.32	150000.0	1
10,510	825.5	450.05	82.324	150000.0	1
10,511	825.55	450.05	82.328	150000.0	1
10,512	825.6	450.05	82.332	150000.0	1
10,513	825.65	450.05	82.336	150000.0	1
10,514	825.7	450.05	82.341	150000.0	1
10,515	825.75	450.05	82.345	150000.0	1
10,516	825.8	450.05	82.349	150000.0	1
10,517	825.85	450.05	82.353	150000.0	1
10,518	825.9	450.05	82.357	150000.0	1
10,519	825.95	450.05	82.361	150000.0	1
10,520	826.0	450.05	82.365	150000.0	1
10,521	826.05	450.05	82.369	150000.0	1
10,522	826.1	450.05	82.373	150000.0	1
10,523	826.15	450.05	82.377	150000.0	1
10,524	826.2	450.05	82.381	150000.0	1
10,525	826.25	450.05	82.385	150000.0	1
10,526	826.3	450.05	82.389	150000.0	1
10,527	826.35	450.05	82.393	150000.0	1
10,528	826.4	450.05	82.398	150000.0	1
10,529	826.45	450.05	82.402	150000.0	1
10,530	826.5	450.05	82.406	150000.0	1
10,531	826.55	450.05	82.41	150000.0	1
10,532	826.6	450.05	82.414	150000.0	1
10,533	826.65	450.05	82.418	150000.0	1
10,534	826.7	450.05	82.422	150000.0	1
10,535	826.75	450.05	82.426	150000.0	1
10,536	826.8	450.05	82.43	150000.0	1
10,537	826.85	450.05	82.434	150000.0	1
10,538	826.9	450.05	82.438	150000.0	1
10,539	826.95	450.05	82.442	150000.0	1
10,540	827.0	450.05	82.446	150000.0	1
10,541	827.05	450.05	82.45	150000.0	1
10,542	827.1	450.05	82.454	150000.0	1
10,543	827.15	450.05	82.459	150000.0	1
10,544	827.2	450.05	82.463	150000.0	1
10,545	827.25	450.05	82.467	150000.0	1
10,546	827.3	450.05	82.471	150000.0	1
10,547	827.35	450.05	82.475	150000.0	1
10,548	827.4	450.05	82.479	150000.0	1
10,549	827.45	450.05	82.483	150000.0	1
10,550	827.5	450.05	82.487	150000.0	1
10,551	827.55	450.05	82.491	150000.0	1
10,552	827.6	450.05	82.495	150000.0	1
10,553	827.65	450.05	82.499	150000.0	1
10,554	827.7	450.05	82.503	150000.0	1
10,555	827.75	450.05	82.507	150000.0	1
10,556	827.8	450.05	82.511	150000.0	1
10,557	827.85	450.05	82.515	150000.0	1
10,558	827.9	450.05	82.52	150000.0	1
10,559	827.95	450.05	82.524	150000.0	1
10,560	828.0	450.05	82.528	150000.0	1
10,561	828.05	450.05	82.532	150000.0	1
10,562	828.1	450.05	82.536	150000.0	1
10,563	828.15	450.05	82.54	150000.0	1
10,564	828.2	450.05	82.544	150000.0	1
10,565	828.25	450.05	82.548	150000.0	1
10,566	828.3	450.05	82.552	150000.0	1
10,567	828.35	450.05	82.556	150000.0	1
10,568	828.4	450.05	82.56	150000.0	1
10,569	828.45	450.05	82.564	150000.0	1
10,570	828.5	450.05	82.568	150000.0	1
10,571	828.55	450.05	82.572	150000.0	1
10,572	828.6	450.05	82.577	150000.0	1
10,573	828.65	450.05	82.581	150000.0	1
10,574	828.7	450.05	82.585	150000.0	1
10,575	828.75	450.05	82.589	150000.0	1
10,576	828.8	450.05	82.593	150000.0	1
10,577	828.85	450.05	82.597	150000.0	1
10,578	828.9	450.05	82.601	150000.0	1
10,579	828.95	450.05	82.605	150000.0	1
10,580	829.0	450.05	82.609	150000.0	1
10,581	829.05	450.05	82.613	150000.0	1
10,582	829.1	450.05	82.617	150000.0	1
10,583	829.15	450.05	82.621	150000.0	1
10,584	829.2	450.05	82.625	150000.0	1
10,585	829.25	450.05	82.629	150000.0	1
10,586	829.3	450.05	82.633	150000.0	1
10,587	829.35	450.05	82.638	150000.0	1
10,588	829.4	450.05	82.642	150000.0	1
10,589	829.45	450.05	82.646	150000.0	1
10,590	829.5	450.05	82.65	150000.0	1
10,591	829.55	450.05	82.654	150000.0	1
10,592	829.6	450.05	82.658	150000.0	1
10,593	829.65	450.05	82.662	150000.0	1
10,594	829.7	450.05	82.666	150000.0	1
10,595	829.75	450.05	82.67	150000.0	1
10,596	829.8	450.05	82.674	150000.0	1
10,597	829.85	450.05	82.678	150000.0	1
10,598	829.9	450.05	82.682	150000.0	1
10,599	829.95	450.05	82.686	150000.0	1
10,600	830.0	450.05	82.69	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →