Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

10,701–10,800 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
10,701	835.05	450.05	83.101	150000.0	1
10,702	835.1	450.05	83.105	150000.0	1
10,703	835.15	450.05	83.109	150000.0	1
10,704	835.2	450.05	83.114	150000.0	1
10,705	835.25	450.05	83.118	150000.0	1
10,706	835.3	450.05	83.122	150000.0	1
10,707	835.35	450.05	83.126	150000.0	1
10,708	835.4	450.05	83.13	150000.0	1
10,709	835.45	450.05	83.134	150000.0	1
10,710	835.5	450.05	83.138	150000.0	1
10,711	835.55	450.05	83.142	150000.0	1
10,712	835.6	450.05	83.146	150000.0	1
10,713	835.65	450.05	83.15	150000.0	1
10,714	835.7	450.05	83.154	150000.0	1
10,715	835.75	450.05	83.158	150000.0	1
10,716	835.8	450.05	83.162	150000.0	1
10,717	835.85	450.05	83.166	150000.0	1
10,718	835.9	450.05	83.17	150000.0	1
10,719	835.95	450.05	83.175	150000.0	1
10,720	836.0	450.05	83.179	150000.0	1
10,721	836.05	450.05	83.183	150000.0	1
10,722	836.1	450.05	83.187	150000.0	1
10,723	836.15	450.05	83.191	150000.0	1
10,724	836.2	450.05	83.195	150000.0	1
10,725	836.25	450.05	83.199	150000.0	1
10,726	836.3	450.05	83.203	150000.0	1
10,727	836.35	450.05	83.207	150000.0	1
10,728	836.4	450.05	83.211	150000.0	1
10,729	836.45	450.05	83.215	150000.0	1
10,730	836.5	450.05	83.219	150000.0	1
10,731	836.55	450.05	83.223	150000.0	1
10,732	836.6	450.05	83.227	150000.0	1
10,733	836.65	450.05	83.231	150000.0	1
10,734	836.7	450.05	83.236	150000.0	1
10,735	836.75	450.05	83.24	150000.0	1
10,736	836.8	450.05	83.244	150000.0	1
10,737	836.85	450.05	83.248	150000.0	1
10,738	836.9	450.05	83.252	150000.0	1
10,739	836.95	450.05	83.256	150000.0	1
10,740	837.0	450.05	83.26	150000.0	1
10,741	837.05	450.05	83.264	150000.0	1
10,742	837.1	450.05	83.268	150000.0	1
10,743	837.15	450.05	83.272	150000.0	1
10,744	837.2	450.05	83.276	150000.0	1
10,745	837.25	450.05	83.28	150000.0	1
10,746	837.3	450.05	83.284	150000.0	1
10,747	837.35	450.05	83.288	150000.0	1
10,748	837.4	450.05	83.293	150000.0	1
10,749	837.45	450.05	83.297	150000.0	1
10,750	837.5	450.05	83.301	150000.0	1
10,751	837.55	450.05	83.305	150000.0	1
10,752	837.6	450.05	83.309	150000.0	1
10,753	837.65	450.05	83.313	150000.0	1
10,754	837.7	450.05	83.317	150000.0	1
10,755	837.75	450.05	83.321	150000.0	1
10,756	837.8	450.05	83.325	150000.0	1
10,757	837.85	450.05	83.329	150000.0	1
10,758	837.9	450.05	83.333	150000.0	1
10,759	837.95	450.05	83.337	150000.0	1
10,760	838.0	450.05	83.341	150000.0	1
10,761	838.05	450.05	83.345	150000.0	1
10,762	838.1	450.05	83.349	150000.0	1
10,763	838.15	450.05	83.354	150000.0	1
10,764	838.2	450.05	83.358	150000.0	1
10,765	838.25	450.05	83.362	150000.0	1
10,766	838.3	450.05	83.366	150000.0	1
10,767	838.35	450.05	83.37	150000.0	1
10,768	838.4	450.05	83.374	150000.0	1
10,769	838.45	450.05	83.378	150000.0	1
10,770	838.5	450.05	83.382	150000.0	1
10,771	838.55	450.05	83.386	150000.0	1
10,772	838.6	450.05	83.39	150000.0	1
10,773	838.65	450.05	83.394	150000.0	1
10,774	838.7	450.05	83.398	150000.0	1
10,775	838.75	450.05	83.402	150000.0	1
10,776	838.8	450.05	83.406	150000.0	1
10,777	838.85	450.05	83.41	150000.0	1
10,778	838.9	450.05	83.415	150000.0	1
10,779	838.95	450.05	83.419	150000.0	1
10,780	839.0	450.05	83.423	150000.0	1
10,781	839.05	450.05	83.427	150000.0	1
10,782	839.1	450.05	83.431	150000.0	1
10,783	839.15	450.05	83.435	150000.0	1
10,784	839.2	450.05	83.439	150000.0	1
10,785	839.25	450.05	83.443	150000.0	1
10,786	839.3	450.05	83.447	150000.0	1
10,787	839.35	450.05	83.451	150000.0	1
10,788	839.4	450.05	83.455	150000.0	1
10,789	839.45	450.05	83.459	150000.0	1
10,790	839.5	450.05	83.463	150000.0	1
10,791	839.55	450.05	83.467	150000.0	1
10,792	839.6	450.05	83.472	150000.0	1
10,793	839.65	450.05	83.476	150000.0	1
10,794	839.7	450.05	83.48	150000.0	1
10,795	839.75	450.05	83.484	150000.0	1
10,796	839.8	450.05	83.488	150000.0	1
10,797	839.85	450.05	83.492	150000.0	1
10,798	839.9	450.05	83.496	150000.0	1
10,799	839.95	450.05	83.5	150000.0	1
10,800	840.0	450.05	83.504	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →