Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

10,001–10,100 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
10,001	800.05	450.05	80.254	150000.0	1
10,002	800.1	450.05	80.258	150000.0	1
10,003	800.15	450.05	80.262	150000.0	1
10,004	800.2	450.05	80.266	150000.0	1
10,005	800.25	450.05	80.27	150000.0	1
10,006	800.3	450.05	80.274	150000.0	1
10,007	800.35	450.05	80.278	150000.0	1
10,008	800.4	450.05	80.282	150000.0	1
10,009	800.45	450.05	80.286	150000.0	1
10,010	800.5	450.05	80.29	150000.0	1
10,011	800.55	450.05	80.294	150000.0	1
10,012	800.6	450.05	80.298	150000.0	1
10,013	800.65	450.05	80.302	150000.0	1
10,014	800.7	450.05	80.306	150000.0	1
10,015	800.75	450.05	80.311	150000.0	1
10,016	800.8	450.05	80.315	150000.0	1
10,017	800.85	450.05	80.319	150000.0	1
10,018	800.9	450.05	80.323	150000.0	1
10,019	800.95	450.05	80.327	150000.0	1
10,020	801.0	450.05	80.331	150000.0	1
10,021	801.05	450.05	80.335	150000.0	1
10,022	801.1	450.05	80.339	150000.0	1
10,023	801.15	450.05	80.343	150000.0	1
10,024	801.2	450.05	80.347	150000.0	1
10,025	801.25	450.05	80.351	150000.0	1
10,026	801.3	450.05	80.355	150000.0	1
10,027	801.35	450.05	80.359	150000.0	1
10,028	801.4	450.05	80.363	150000.0	1
10,029	801.45	450.05	80.368	150000.0	1
10,030	801.5	450.05	80.372	150000.0	1
10,031	801.55	450.05	80.376	150000.0	1
10,032	801.6	450.05	80.38	150000.0	1
10,033	801.65	450.05	80.384	150000.0	1
10,034	801.7	450.05	80.388	150000.0	1
10,035	801.75	450.05	80.392	150000.0	1
10,036	801.8	450.05	80.396	150000.0	1
10,037	801.85	450.05	80.4	150000.0	1
10,038	801.9	450.05	80.404	150000.0	1
10,039	801.95	450.05	80.408	150000.0	1
10,040	802.0	450.05	80.412	150000.0	1
10,041	802.05	450.05	80.416	150000.0	1
10,042	802.1	450.05	80.42	150000.0	1
10,043	802.15	450.05	80.424	150000.0	1
10,044	802.2	450.05	80.429	150000.0	1
10,045	802.25	450.05	80.433	150000.0	1
10,046	802.3	450.05	80.437	150000.0	1
10,047	802.35	450.05	80.441	150000.0	1
10,048	802.4	450.05	80.445	150000.0	1
10,049	802.45	450.05	80.449	150000.0	1
10,050	802.5	450.05	80.453	150000.0	1
10,051	802.55	450.05	80.457	150000.0	1
10,052	802.6	450.05	80.461	150000.0	1
10,053	802.65	450.05	80.465	150000.0	1
10,054	802.7	450.05	80.469	150000.0	1
10,055	802.75	450.05	80.473	150000.0	1
10,056	802.8	450.05	80.477	150000.0	1
10,057	802.85	450.05	80.481	150000.0	1
10,058	802.9	450.05	80.485	150000.0	1
10,059	802.95	450.05	80.49	150000.0	1
10,060	803.0	450.05	80.494	150000.0	1
10,061	803.05	450.05	80.498	150000.0	1
10,062	803.1	450.05	80.502	150000.0	1
10,063	803.15	450.05	80.506	150000.0	1
10,064	803.2	450.05	80.51	150000.0	1
10,065	803.25	450.05	80.514	150000.0	1
10,066	803.3	450.05	80.518	150000.0	1
10,067	803.35	450.05	80.522	150000.0	1
10,068	803.4	450.05	80.526	150000.0	1
10,069	803.45	450.05	80.53	150000.0	1
10,070	803.5	450.05	80.534	150000.0	1
10,071	803.55	450.05	80.538	150000.0	1
10,072	803.6	450.05	80.542	150000.0	1
10,073	803.65	450.05	80.547	150000.0	1
10,074	803.7	450.05	80.551	150000.0	1
10,075	803.75	450.05	80.555	150000.0	1
10,076	803.8	450.05	80.559	150000.0	1
10,077	803.85	450.05	80.563	150000.0	1
10,078	803.9	450.05	80.567	150000.0	1
10,079	803.95	450.05	80.571	150000.0	1
10,080	804.0	450.05	80.575	150000.0	1
10,081	804.05	450.05	80.579	150000.0	1
10,082	804.1	450.05	80.583	150000.0	1
10,083	804.15	450.05	80.587	150000.0	1
10,084	804.2	450.05	80.591	150000.0	1
10,085	804.25	450.05	80.595	150000.0	1
10,086	804.3	450.05	80.599	150000.0	1
10,087	804.35	450.05	80.603	150000.0	1
10,088	804.4	450.05	80.608	150000.0	1
10,089	804.45	450.05	80.612	150000.0	1
10,090	804.5	450.05	80.616	150000.0	1
10,091	804.55	450.05	80.62	150000.0	1
10,092	804.6	450.05	80.624	150000.0	1
10,093	804.65	450.05	80.628	150000.0	1
10,094	804.7	450.05	80.632	150000.0	1
10,095	804.75	450.05	80.636	150000.0	1
10,096	804.8	450.05	80.64	150000.0	1
10,097	804.85	450.05	80.644	150000.0	1
10,098	804.9	450.05	80.648	150000.0	1
10,099	804.95	450.05	80.652	150000.0	1
10,100	805.0	450.05	80.656	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →