Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

9,901–10,000 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
9,901	795.05	450.05	79.847	150000.0	1
9,902	795.1	450.05	79.851	150000.0	1
9,903	795.15	450.05	79.855	150000.0	1
9,904	795.2	450.05	79.859	150000.0	1
9,905	795.25	450.05	79.863	150000.0	1
9,906	795.3	450.05	79.867	150000.0	1
9,907	795.35	450.05	79.871	150000.0	1
9,908	795.4	450.05	79.875	150000.0	1
9,909	795.45	450.05	79.879	150000.0	1
9,910	795.5	450.05	79.883	150000.0	1
9,911	795.55	450.05	79.887	150000.0	1
9,912	795.6	450.05	79.892	150000.0	1
9,913	795.65	450.05	79.896	150000.0	1
9,914	795.7	450.05	79.9	150000.0	1
9,915	795.75	450.05	79.904	150000.0	1
9,916	795.8	450.05	79.908	150000.0	1
9,917	795.85	450.05	79.912	150000.0	1
9,918	795.9	450.05	79.916	150000.0	1
9,919	795.95	450.05	79.92	150000.0	1
9,920	796.0	450.05	79.924	150000.0	1
9,921	796.05	450.05	79.928	150000.0	1
9,922	796.1	450.05	79.932	150000.0	1
9,923	796.15	450.05	79.936	150000.0	1
9,924	796.2	450.05	79.94	150000.0	1
9,925	796.25	450.05	79.944	150000.0	1
9,926	796.3	450.05	79.948	150000.0	1
9,927	796.35	450.05	79.953	150000.0	1
9,928	796.4	450.05	79.957	150000.0	1
9,929	796.45	450.05	79.961	150000.0	1
9,930	796.5	450.05	79.965	150000.0	1
9,931	796.55	450.05	79.969	150000.0	1
9,932	796.6	450.05	79.973	150000.0	1
9,933	796.65	450.05	79.977	150000.0	1
9,934	796.7	450.05	79.981	150000.0	1
9,935	796.75	450.05	79.985	150000.0	1
9,936	796.8	450.05	79.989	150000.0	1
9,937	796.85	450.05	79.993	150000.0	1
9,938	796.9	450.05	79.997	150000.0	1
9,939	796.95	450.05	80.001	150000.0	1
9,940	797.0	450.05	80.005	150000.0	1
9,941	797.05	450.05	80.01	150000.0	1
9,942	797.1	450.05	80.014	150000.0	1
9,943	797.15	450.05	80.018	150000.0	1
9,944	797.2	450.05	80.022	150000.0	1
9,945	797.25	450.05	80.026	150000.0	1
9,946	797.3	450.05	80.03	150000.0	1
9,947	797.35	450.05	80.034	150000.0	1
9,948	797.4	450.05	80.038	150000.0	1
9,949	797.45	450.05	80.042	150000.0	1
9,950	797.5	450.05	80.046	150000.0	1
9,951	797.55	450.05	80.05	150000.0	1
9,952	797.6	450.05	80.054	150000.0	1
9,953	797.65	450.05	80.058	150000.0	1
9,954	797.7	450.05	80.062	150000.0	1
9,955	797.75	450.05	80.066	150000.0	1
9,956	797.8	450.05	80.071	150000.0	1
9,957	797.85	450.05	80.075	150000.0	1
9,958	797.9	450.05	80.079	150000.0	1
9,959	797.95	450.05	80.083	150000.0	1
9,960	798.0	450.05	80.087	150000.0	1
9,961	798.05	450.05	80.091	150000.0	1
9,962	798.1	450.05	80.095	150000.0	1
9,963	798.15	450.05	80.099	150000.0	1
9,964	798.2	450.05	80.103	150000.0	1
9,965	798.25	450.05	80.107	150000.0	1
9,966	798.3	450.05	80.111	150000.0	1
9,967	798.35	450.05	80.115	150000.0	1
9,968	798.4	450.05	80.119	150000.0	1
9,969	798.45	450.05	80.123	150000.0	1
9,970	798.5	450.05	80.127	150000.0	1
9,971	798.55	450.05	80.132	150000.0	1
9,972	798.6	450.05	80.136	150000.0	1
9,973	798.65	450.05	80.14	150000.0	1
9,974	798.7	450.05	80.144	150000.0	1
9,975	798.75	450.05	80.148	150000.0	1
9,976	798.8	450.05	80.152	150000.0	1
9,977	798.85	450.05	80.156	150000.0	1
9,978	798.9	450.05	80.16	150000.0	1
9,979	798.95	450.05	80.164	150000.0	1
9,980	799.0	450.05	80.168	150000.0	1
9,981	799.05	450.05	80.172	150000.0	1
9,982	799.1	450.05	80.176	150000.0	1
9,983	799.15	450.05	80.18	150000.0	1
9,984	799.2	450.05	80.184	150000.0	1
9,985	799.25	450.05	80.189	150000.0	1
9,986	799.3	450.05	80.193	150000.0	1
9,987	799.35	450.05	80.197	150000.0	1
9,988	799.4	450.05	80.201	150000.0	1
9,989	799.45	450.05	80.205	150000.0	1
9,990	799.5	450.05	80.209	150000.0	1
9,991	799.55	450.05	80.213	150000.0	1
9,992	799.6	450.05	80.217	150000.0	1
9,993	799.65	450.05	80.221	150000.0	1
9,994	799.7	450.05	80.225	150000.0	1
9,995	799.75	450.05	80.229	150000.0	1
9,996	799.8	450.05	80.233	150000.0	1
9,997	799.85	450.05	80.237	150000.0	1
9,998	799.9	450.05	80.241	150000.0	1
9,999	799.95	450.05	80.245	150000.0	1
10,000	800.0	450.05	80.25	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →