Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

10,101–10,200 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
10,101	805.05	450.05	80.66	150000.0	1
10,102	805.1	450.05	80.664	150000.0	1
10,103	805.15	450.05	80.669	150000.0	1
10,104	805.2	450.05	80.673	150000.0	1
10,105	805.25	450.05	80.677	150000.0	1
10,106	805.3	450.05	80.681	150000.0	1
10,107	805.35	450.05	80.685	150000.0	1
10,108	805.4	450.05	80.689	150000.0	1
10,109	805.45	450.05	80.693	150000.0	1
10,110	805.5	450.05	80.697	150000.0	1
10,111	805.55	450.05	80.701	150000.0	1
10,112	805.6	450.05	80.705	150000.0	1
10,113	805.65	450.05	80.709	150000.0	1
10,114	805.7	450.05	80.713	150000.0	1
10,115	805.75	450.05	80.717	150000.0	1
10,116	805.8	450.05	80.721	150000.0	1
10,117	805.85	450.05	80.726	150000.0	1
10,118	805.9	450.05	80.73	150000.0	1
10,119	805.95	450.05	80.734	150000.0	1
10,120	806.0	450.05	80.738	150000.0	1
10,121	806.05	450.05	80.742	150000.0	1
10,122	806.1	450.05	80.746	150000.0	1
10,123	806.15	450.05	80.75	150000.0	1
10,124	806.2	450.05	80.754	150000.0	1
10,125	806.25	450.05	80.758	150000.0	1
10,126	806.3	450.05	80.762	150000.0	1
10,127	806.35	450.05	80.766	150000.0	1
10,128	806.4	450.05	80.77	150000.0	1
10,129	806.45	450.05	80.774	150000.0	1
10,130	806.5	450.05	80.778	150000.0	1
10,131	806.55	450.05	80.782	150000.0	1
10,132	806.6	450.05	80.787	150000.0	1
10,133	806.65	450.05	80.791	150000.0	1
10,134	806.7	450.05	80.795	150000.0	1
10,135	806.75	450.05	80.799	150000.0	1
10,136	806.8	450.05	80.803	150000.0	1
10,137	806.85	450.05	80.807	150000.0	1
10,138	806.9	450.05	80.811	150000.0	1
10,139	806.95	450.05	80.815	150000.0	1
10,140	807.0	450.05	80.819	150000.0	1
10,141	807.05	450.05	80.823	150000.0	1
10,142	807.1	450.05	80.827	150000.0	1
10,143	807.15	450.05	80.831	150000.0	1
10,144	807.2	450.05	80.835	150000.0	1
10,145	807.25	450.05	80.839	150000.0	1
10,146	807.3	450.05	80.843	150000.0	1
10,147	807.35	450.05	80.848	150000.0	1
10,148	807.4	450.05	80.852	150000.0	1
10,149	807.45	450.05	80.856	150000.0	1
10,150	807.5	450.05	80.86	150000.0	1
10,151	807.55	450.05	80.864	150000.0	1
10,152	807.6	450.05	80.868	150000.0	1
10,153	807.65	450.05	80.872	150000.0	1
10,154	807.7	450.05	80.876	150000.0	1
10,155	807.75	450.05	80.88	150000.0	1
10,156	807.8	450.05	80.884	150000.0	1
10,157	807.85	450.05	80.888	150000.0	1
10,158	807.9	450.05	80.892	150000.0	1
10,159	807.95	450.05	80.896	150000.0	1
10,160	808.0	450.05	80.9	150000.0	1
10,161	808.05	450.05	80.905	150000.0	1
10,162	808.1	450.05	80.909	150000.0	1
10,163	808.15	450.05	80.913	150000.0	1
10,164	808.2	450.05	80.917	150000.0	1
10,165	808.25	450.05	80.921	150000.0	1
10,166	808.3	450.05	80.925	150000.0	1
10,167	808.35	450.05	80.929	150000.0	1
10,168	808.4	450.05	80.933	150000.0	1
10,169	808.45	450.05	80.937	150000.0	1
10,170	808.5	450.05	80.941	150000.0	1
10,171	808.55	450.05	80.945	150000.0	1
10,172	808.6	450.05	80.949	150000.0	1
10,173	808.65	450.05	80.953	150000.0	1
10,174	808.7	450.05	80.957	150000.0	1
10,175	808.75	450.05	80.961	150000.0	1
10,176	808.8	450.05	80.966	150000.0	1
10,177	808.85	450.05	80.97	150000.0	1
10,178	808.9	450.05	80.974	150000.0	1
10,179	808.95	450.05	80.978	150000.0	1
10,180	809.0	450.05	80.982	150000.0	1
10,181	809.05	450.05	80.986	150000.0	1
10,182	809.1	450.05	80.99	150000.0	1
10,183	809.15	450.05	80.994	150000.0	1
10,184	809.2	450.05	80.998	150000.0	1
10,185	809.25	450.05	81.002	150000.0	1
10,186	809.3	450.05	81.006	150000.0	1
10,187	809.35	450.05	81.01	150000.0	1
10,188	809.4	450.05	81.014	150000.0	1
10,189	809.45	450.05	81.018	150000.0	1
10,190	809.5	450.05	81.022	150000.0	1
10,191	809.55	450.05	81.027	150000.0	1
10,192	809.6	450.05	81.031	150000.0	1
10,193	809.65	450.05	81.035	150000.0	1
10,194	809.7	450.05	81.039	150000.0	1
10,195	809.75	450.05	81.043	150000.0	1
10,196	809.8	450.05	81.047	150000.0	1
10,197	809.85	450.05	81.051	150000.0	1
10,198	809.9	450.05	81.055	150000.0	1
10,199	809.95	450.05	81.059	150000.0	1
10,200	810.0	450.05	81.063	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →