Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour

Step to 150 kW heating power, time constant 12 s. Reaches 63.3 % at t = τ and 95.1 % at 3τ; mean deviation from the analytical solution 0.040 %.

Scenario
2 Heating
Expectation (criterion)
heating rate 0.0814 K/s; PT1 63.2 % at τ, 95.0 % at 3τ
Measurement
63.3 % at τ, 95.1 % at 3τ; mean deviation 0.040 % of maximum power
Result
passed
Rows
6,000
Time range
0.05–300.00 s
Time step
Δt = 0.05 s
Columns
9
Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

    Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

    Column description

    Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

    Columns of the series — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    No.Column (CSV header) UnitTypeMeaning
    1 Zeit (s) s Time axis Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
    2 Füllstand (l) l Process variable Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
    3 Temperatur (°C) °C Process variable Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
    4 Druck (bar) bar Process variable Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
    5 Heizleistung (W) W Process variable Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
    6 B1 Füllstand max — Sensor bit (0/1) Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
    7 B2 Füllstand min — Sensor bit (0/1) Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
    8 B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C — Sensor bit (0/1) Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
    9 B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar — Sensor bit (0/1) Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

    Statistics of the series

    All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

    6,000Rows (calculation steps)
    300.00stime covered
    0.05sTime step Δt
    8recorded quantities
    Statistics per process variable — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    QuantityUnit CountMinimum MaximumMean First valueLast value
    Füllstand l 6,000 450.05constant 450.05 450.050 450.05 450.05
    Temperatur °C 6,000 16.131t = 0.05 s 39.568t = 300.00 s 27.4043 16.131 39.568
    Druck bar 6,000 0.0000t = 0.30 s 0.0072t = 0.05 s 0.0000 0.0072 0.0000
    Heizleistung W 6,000 625.0t = 0.05 s 150,000.0t = 178.60 s 144,025.00 625.0 150,000.0

    Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

    Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    Sensor bit Rows with 1 Share first 1 at then 0 again at Changes
    B1 Füllstand max 6,000 100.000 % 0.05 sfirst row — 0
    B2 Füllstand min 0 0.000 % — — 0
    B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C 0 0.000 % — — 0
    B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar 0 0.000 % — — 0

    1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

    Values

    All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

    2,001–2,100 of 6,000 rows Download CSV
    Values — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    No. Zeit (s) Füllstand (l) Temperatur (°C) Druck (bar) Heizleistung (W) B1 Füllstand max B2 Füllstand min B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar
    2,001 100.05450.0523.30.0149964.71000
    2,002 100.1450.0523.3040.0149964.91000
    2,003 100.15450.0523.3080.0149965.01000
    2,004 100.2450.0523.3120.0149965.21000
    2,005 100.25450.0523.3160.0149965.31000
    2,006 100.3450.0523.320.0149965.41000
    2,007 100.35450.0523.3240.0149965.61000
    2,008 100.4450.0523.3280.0149965.71000
    2,009 100.45450.0523.3320.0149965.91000
    2,010 100.5450.0523.3360.0149966.01000
    2,011 100.55450.0523.340.0149966.21000
    2,012 100.6450.0523.3440.0149966.31000
    2,013 100.65450.0523.3490.0149966.41000
    2,014 100.7450.0523.3530.0149966.61000
    2,015 100.75450.0523.3570.0149966.71000
    2,016 100.8450.0523.3610.0149966.91000
    2,017 100.85450.0523.3650.0149967.01000
    2,018 100.9450.0523.3690.0149967.11000
    2,019 100.95450.0523.3730.0149967.31000
    2,020 101.0450.0523.3770.0149967.41000
    2,021 101.05450.0523.3810.0149967.51000
    2,022 101.1450.0523.3850.0149967.71000
    2,023 101.15450.0523.3890.0149967.81000
    2,024 101.2450.0523.3930.0149967.91000
    2,025 101.25450.0523.3970.0149968.11000
    2,026 101.3450.0523.4010.0149968.21000
    2,027 101.35450.0523.4050.0149968.31000
    2,028 101.4450.0523.410.0149968.51000
    2,029 101.45450.0523.4140.0149968.61000
    2,030 101.5450.0523.4180.0149968.71000
    2,031 101.55450.0523.4220.0149968.91000
    2,032 101.6450.0523.4260.0149969.01000
    2,033 101.65450.0523.430.0149969.11000
    2,034 101.7450.0523.4340.0149969.31000
    2,035 101.75450.0523.4380.0149969.41000
    2,036 101.8450.0523.4420.0149969.51000
    2,037 101.85450.0523.4460.0149969.61000
    2,038 101.9450.0523.450.0149969.81000
    2,039 101.95450.0523.4540.0149969.91000
    2,040 102.0450.0523.4580.0149970.01000
    2,041 102.05450.0523.4620.0149970.11000
    2,042 102.1450.0523.4660.0149970.31000
    2,043 102.15450.0523.4710.0149970.41000
    2,044 102.2450.0523.4750.0149970.51000
    2,045 102.25450.0523.4790.0149970.61000
    2,046 102.3450.0523.4830.0149970.81000
    2,047 102.35450.0523.4870.0149970.91000
    2,048 102.4450.0523.4910.0149971.01000
    2,049 102.45450.0523.4950.0149971.11000
    2,050 102.5450.0523.4990.0149971.21000
    2,051 102.55450.0523.5030.0149971.41000
    2,052 102.6450.0523.5070.0149971.51000
    2,053 102.65450.0523.5110.0149971.61000
    2,054 102.7450.0523.5150.0149971.71000
    2,055 102.75450.0523.5190.0149971.81000
    2,056 102.8450.0523.5230.0149972.01000
    2,057 102.85450.0523.5270.0149972.11000
    2,058 102.9450.0523.5320.0149972.21000
    2,059 102.95450.0523.5360.0149972.31000
    2,060 103.0450.0523.540.0149972.41000
    2,061 103.05450.0523.5440.0149972.51000
    2,062 103.1450.0523.5480.0149972.61000
    2,063 103.15450.0523.5520.0149972.81000
    2,064 103.2450.0523.5560.0149972.91000
    2,065 103.25450.0523.560.0149973.01000
    2,066 103.3450.0523.5640.0149973.11000
    2,067 103.35450.0523.5680.0149973.21000
    2,068 103.4450.0523.5720.0149973.31000
    2,069 103.45450.0523.5760.0149973.41000
    2,070 103.5450.0523.580.0149973.51000
    2,071 103.55450.0523.5840.0149973.71000
    2,072 103.6450.0523.5880.0149973.81000
    2,073 103.65450.0523.5930.0149973.91000
    2,074 103.7450.0523.5970.0149974.01000
    2,075 103.75450.0523.6010.0149974.11000
    2,076 103.8450.0523.6050.0149974.21000
    2,077 103.85450.0523.6090.0149974.31000
    2,078 103.9450.0523.6130.0149974.41000
    2,079 103.95450.0523.6170.0149974.51000
    2,080 104.0450.0523.6210.0149974.61000
    2,081 104.05450.0523.6250.0149974.71000
    2,082 104.1450.0523.6290.0149974.81000
    2,083 104.15450.0523.6330.0149974.91000
    2,084 104.2450.0523.6370.0149975.01000
    2,085 104.25450.0523.6410.0149975.21000
    2,086 104.3450.0523.6450.0149975.31000
    2,087 104.35450.0523.6490.0149975.41000
    2,088 104.4450.0523.6540.0149975.51000
    2,089 104.45450.0523.6580.0149975.61000
    2,090 104.5450.0523.6620.0149975.71000
    2,091 104.55450.0523.6660.0149975.81000
    2,092 104.6450.0523.670.0149975.91000
    2,093 104.65450.0523.6740.0149976.01000
    2,094 104.7450.0523.6780.0149976.11000
    2,095 104.75450.0523.6820.0149976.21000
    2,096 104.8450.0523.6860.0149976.31000
    2,097 104.85450.0523.690.0149976.41000
    2,098 104.9450.0523.6940.0149976.51000
    2,099 104.95450.0523.6980.0149976.61000
    2,100 105.0450.0523.7020.0149976.71000

    Source and citation

    Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

    How to cite

    Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour“ (6,000 rows, time 0.05–300.00 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-2-heizen (accessed 2026-09-30).

    Limits of this data
    • Classification (chapter 10): The deviations are compatible with the discretisation error of the Euler method.
    • Limit: The expectation uses the same parameters (τ = 12 s, 150 kW); what is tested is the implementation of the equations, not their agreement with a real heating element.
    • The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
    • Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

    More datasets

    16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 25,809 rows · 9 columns Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →