Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

8,101–8,200 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
8,101	705.05	450.05	72.524	150000.0	1
8,102	705.1	450.05	72.528	150000.0	1
8,103	705.15	450.05	72.532	150000.0	1
8,104	705.2	450.05	72.536	150000.0	1
8,105	705.25	450.05	72.54	150000.0	1
8,106	705.3	450.05	72.544	150000.0	1
8,107	705.35	450.05	72.549	150000.0	1
8,108	705.4	450.05	72.553	150000.0	1
8,109	705.45	450.05	72.557	150000.0	1
8,110	705.5	450.05	72.561	150000.0	1
8,111	705.55	450.05	72.565	150000.0	1
8,112	705.6	450.05	72.569	150000.0	1
8,113	705.65	450.05	72.573	150000.0	1
8,114	705.7	450.05	72.577	150000.0	1
8,115	705.75	450.05	72.581	150000.0	1
8,116	705.8	450.05	72.585	150000.0	1
8,117	705.85	450.05	72.589	150000.0	1
8,118	705.9	450.05	72.593	150000.0	1
8,119	705.95	450.05	72.597	150000.0	1
8,120	706.0	450.05	72.601	150000.0	1
8,121	706.05	450.05	72.605	150000.0	1
8,122	706.1	450.05	72.61	150000.0	1
8,123	706.15	450.05	72.614	150000.0	1
8,124	706.2	450.05	72.618	150000.0	1
8,125	706.25	450.05	72.622	150000.0	1
8,126	706.3	450.05	72.626	150000.0	1
8,127	706.35	450.05	72.63	150000.0	1
8,128	706.4	450.05	72.634	150000.0	1
8,129	706.45	450.05	72.638	150000.0	1
8,130	706.5	450.05	72.642	150000.0	1
8,131	706.55	450.05	72.646	150000.0	1
8,132	706.6	450.05	72.65	150000.0	1
8,133	706.65	450.05	72.654	150000.0	1
8,134	706.7	450.05	72.658	150000.0	1
8,135	706.75	450.05	72.662	150000.0	1
8,136	706.8	450.05	72.666	150000.0	1
8,137	706.85	450.05	72.671	150000.0	1
8,138	706.9	450.05	72.675	150000.0	1
8,139	706.95	450.05	72.679	150000.0	1
8,140	707.0	450.05	72.683	150000.0	1
8,141	707.05	450.05	72.687	150000.0	1
8,142	707.1	450.05	72.691	150000.0	1
8,143	707.15	450.05	72.695	150000.0	1
8,144	707.2	450.05	72.699	150000.0	1
8,145	707.25	450.05	72.703	150000.0	1
8,146	707.3	450.05	72.707	150000.0	1
8,147	707.35	450.05	72.711	150000.0	1
8,148	707.4	450.05	72.715	150000.0	1
8,149	707.45	450.05	72.719	150000.0	1
8,150	707.5	450.05	72.723	150000.0	1
8,151	707.55	450.05	72.728	150000.0	1
8,152	707.6	450.05	72.732	150000.0	1
8,153	707.65	450.05	72.736	150000.0	1
8,154	707.7	450.05	72.74	150000.0	1
8,155	707.75	450.05	72.744	150000.0	1
8,156	707.8	450.05	72.748	150000.0	1
8,157	707.85	450.05	72.752	150000.0	1
8,158	707.9	450.05	72.756	150000.0	1
8,159	707.95	450.05	72.76	150000.0	1
8,160	708.0	450.05	72.764	150000.0	1
8,161	708.05	450.05	72.768	150000.0	1
8,162	708.1	450.05	72.772	150000.0	1
8,163	708.15	450.05	72.776	150000.0	1
8,164	708.2	450.05	72.78	150000.0	1
8,165	708.25	450.05	72.784	150000.0	1
8,166	708.3	450.05	72.789	150000.0	1
8,167	708.35	450.05	72.793	150000.0	1
8,168	708.4	450.05	72.797	150000.0	1
8,169	708.45	450.05	72.801	150000.0	1
8,170	708.5	450.05	72.805	150000.0	1
8,171	708.55	450.05	72.809	150000.0	1
8,172	708.6	450.05	72.813	150000.0	1
8,173	708.65	450.05	72.817	150000.0	1
8,174	708.7	450.05	72.821	150000.0	1
8,175	708.75	450.05	72.825	150000.0	1
8,176	708.8	450.05	72.829	150000.0	1
8,177	708.85	450.05	72.833	150000.0	1
8,178	708.9	450.05	72.837	150000.0	1
8,179	708.95	450.05	72.841	150000.0	1
8,180	709.0	450.05	72.845	150000.0	1
8,181	709.05	450.05	72.85	150000.0	1
8,182	709.1	450.05	72.854	150000.0	1
8,183	709.15	450.05	72.858	150000.0	1
8,184	709.2	450.05	72.862	150000.0	1
8,185	709.25	450.05	72.866	150000.0	1
8,186	709.3	450.05	72.87	150000.0	1
8,187	709.35	450.05	72.874	150000.0	1
8,188	709.4	450.05	72.878	150000.0	1
8,189	709.45	450.05	72.882	150000.0	1
8,190	709.5	450.05	72.886	150000.0	1
8,191	709.55	450.05	72.89	150000.0	1
8,192	709.6	450.05	72.894	150000.0	1
8,193	709.65	450.05	72.898	150000.0	1
8,194	709.7	450.05	72.902	150000.0	1
8,195	709.75	450.05	72.907	150000.0	1
8,196	709.8	450.05	72.911	150000.0	1
8,197	709.85	450.05	72.915	150000.0	1
8,198	709.9	450.05	72.919	150000.0	1
8,199	709.95	450.05	72.923	150000.0	1
8,200	710.0	450.05	72.927	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-01).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →