Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

8,001–8,100 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
8,001	700.05	450.05	72.117	150000.0	1
8,002	700.1	450.05	72.121	150000.0	1
8,003	700.15	450.05	72.125	150000.0	1
8,004	700.2	450.05	72.13	150000.0	1
8,005	700.25	450.05	72.134	150000.0	1
8,006	700.3	450.05	72.138	150000.0	1
8,007	700.35	450.05	72.142	150000.0	1
8,008	700.4	450.05	72.146	150000.0	1
8,009	700.45	450.05	72.15	150000.0	1
8,010	700.5	450.05	72.154	150000.0	1
8,011	700.55	450.05	72.158	150000.0	1
8,012	700.6	450.05	72.162	150000.0	1
8,013	700.65	450.05	72.166	150000.0	1
8,014	700.7	450.05	72.17	150000.0	1
8,015	700.75	450.05	72.174	150000.0	1
8,016	700.8	450.05	72.178	150000.0	1
8,017	700.85	450.05	72.182	150000.0	1
8,018	700.9	450.05	72.186	150000.0	1
8,019	700.95	450.05	72.191	150000.0	1
8,020	701.0	450.05	72.195	150000.0	1
8,021	701.05	450.05	72.199	150000.0	1
8,022	701.1	450.05	72.203	150000.0	1
8,023	701.15	450.05	72.207	150000.0	1
8,024	701.2	450.05	72.211	150000.0	1
8,025	701.25	450.05	72.215	150000.0	1
8,026	701.3	450.05	72.219	150000.0	1
8,027	701.35	450.05	72.223	150000.0	1
8,028	701.4	450.05	72.227	150000.0	1
8,029	701.45	450.05	72.231	150000.0	1
8,030	701.5	450.05	72.235	150000.0	1
8,031	701.55	450.05	72.239	150000.0	1
8,032	701.6	450.05	72.243	150000.0	1
8,033	701.65	450.05	72.247	150000.0	1
8,034	701.7	450.05	72.252	150000.0	1
8,035	701.75	450.05	72.256	150000.0	1
8,036	701.8	450.05	72.26	150000.0	1
8,037	701.85	450.05	72.264	150000.0	1
8,038	701.9	450.05	72.268	150000.0	1
8,039	701.95	450.05	72.272	150000.0	1
8,040	702.0	450.05	72.276	150000.0	1
8,041	702.05	450.05	72.28	150000.0	1
8,042	702.1	450.05	72.284	150000.0	1
8,043	702.15	450.05	72.288	150000.0	1
8,044	702.2	450.05	72.292	150000.0	1
8,045	702.25	450.05	72.296	150000.0	1
8,046	702.3	450.05	72.3	150000.0	1
8,047	702.35	450.05	72.304	150000.0	1
8,048	702.4	450.05	72.308	150000.0	1
8,049	702.45	450.05	72.313	150000.0	1
8,050	702.5	450.05	72.317	150000.0	1
8,051	702.55	450.05	72.321	150000.0	1
8,052	702.6	450.05	72.325	150000.0	1
8,053	702.65	450.05	72.329	150000.0	1
8,054	702.7	450.05	72.333	150000.0	1
8,055	702.75	450.05	72.337	150000.0	1
8,056	702.8	450.05	72.341	150000.0	1
8,057	702.85	450.05	72.345	150000.0	1
8,058	702.9	450.05	72.349	150000.0	1
8,059	702.95	450.05	72.353	150000.0	1
8,060	703.0	450.05	72.357	150000.0	1
8,061	703.05	450.05	72.361	150000.0	1
8,062	703.1	450.05	72.365	150000.0	1
8,063	703.15	450.05	72.37	150000.0	1
8,064	703.2	450.05	72.374	150000.0	1
8,065	703.25	450.05	72.378	150000.0	1
8,066	703.3	450.05	72.382	150000.0	1
8,067	703.35	450.05	72.386	150000.0	1
8,068	703.4	450.05	72.39	150000.0	1
8,069	703.45	450.05	72.394	150000.0	1
8,070	703.5	450.05	72.398	150000.0	1
8,071	703.55	450.05	72.402	150000.0	1
8,072	703.6	450.05	72.406	150000.0	1
8,073	703.65	450.05	72.41	150000.0	1
8,074	703.7	450.05	72.414	150000.0	1
8,075	703.75	450.05	72.418	150000.0	1
8,076	703.8	450.05	72.422	150000.0	1
8,077	703.85	450.05	72.426	150000.0	1
8,078	703.9	450.05	72.431	150000.0	1
8,079	703.95	450.05	72.435	150000.0	1
8,080	704.0	450.05	72.439	150000.0	1
8,081	704.05	450.05	72.443	150000.0	1
8,082	704.1	450.05	72.447	150000.0	1
8,083	704.15	450.05	72.451	150000.0	1
8,084	704.2	450.05	72.455	150000.0	1
8,085	704.25	450.05	72.459	150000.0	1
8,086	704.3	450.05	72.463	150000.0	1
8,087	704.35	450.05	72.467	150000.0	1
8,088	704.4	450.05	72.471	150000.0	1
8,089	704.45	450.05	72.475	150000.0	1
8,090	704.5	450.05	72.479	150000.0	1
8,091	704.55	450.05	72.483	150000.0	1
8,092	704.6	450.05	72.487	150000.0	1
8,093	704.65	450.05	72.492	150000.0	1
8,094	704.7	450.05	72.496	150000.0	1
8,095	704.75	450.05	72.5	150000.0	1
8,096	704.8	450.05	72.504	150000.0	1
8,097	704.85	450.05	72.508	150000.0	1
8,098	704.9	450.05	72.512	150000.0	1
8,099	704.95	450.05	72.516	150000.0	1
8,100	705.0	450.05	72.52	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-01).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →