Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

6,901–7,000 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
6,901	645.05	450.05	67.642	150000.0	1
6,902	645.1	450.05	67.646	150000.0	1
6,903	645.15	450.05	67.65	150000.0	1
6,904	645.2	450.05	67.655	150000.0	1
6,905	645.25	450.05	67.659	150000.0	1
6,906	645.3	450.05	67.663	150000.0	1
6,907	645.35	450.05	67.667	150000.0	1
6,908	645.4	450.05	67.671	150000.0	1
6,909	645.45	450.05	67.675	150000.0	1
6,910	645.5	450.05	67.679	150000.0	1
6,911	645.55	450.05	67.683	150000.0	1
6,912	645.6	450.05	67.687	150000.0	1
6,913	645.65	450.05	67.691	150000.0	1
6,914	645.7	450.05	67.695	150000.0	1
6,915	645.75	450.05	67.699	150000.0	1
6,916	645.8	450.05	67.703	150000.0	1
6,917	645.85	450.05	67.707	150000.0	1
6,918	645.9	450.05	67.711	150000.0	1
6,919	645.95	450.05	67.716	150000.0	1
6,920	646.0	450.05	67.72	150000.0	1
6,921	646.05	450.05	67.724	150000.0	1
6,922	646.1	450.05	67.728	150000.0	1
6,923	646.15	450.05	67.732	150000.0	1
6,924	646.2	450.05	67.736	150000.0	1
6,925	646.25	450.05	67.74	150000.0	1
6,926	646.3	450.05	67.744	150000.0	1
6,927	646.35	450.05	67.748	150000.0	1
6,928	646.4	450.05	67.752	150000.0	1
6,929	646.45	450.05	67.756	150000.0	1
6,930	646.5	450.05	67.76	150000.0	1
6,931	646.55	450.05	67.764	150000.0	1
6,932	646.6	450.05	67.768	150000.0	1
6,933	646.65	450.05	67.773	150000.0	1
6,934	646.7	450.05	67.777	150000.0	1
6,935	646.75	450.05	67.781	150000.0	1
6,936	646.8	450.05	67.785	150000.0	1
6,937	646.85	450.05	67.789	150000.0	1
6,938	646.9	450.05	67.793	150000.0	1
6,939	646.95	450.05	67.797	150000.0	1
6,940	647.0	450.05	67.801	150000.0	1
6,941	647.05	450.05	67.805	150000.0	1
6,942	647.1	450.05	67.809	150000.0	1
6,943	647.15	450.05	67.813	150000.0	1
6,944	647.2	450.05	67.817	150000.0	1
6,945	647.25	450.05	67.821	150000.0	1
6,946	647.3	450.05	67.825	150000.0	1
6,947	647.35	450.05	67.829	150000.0	1
6,948	647.4	450.05	67.834	150000.0	1
6,949	647.45	450.05	67.838	150000.0	1
6,950	647.5	450.05	67.842	150000.0	1
6,951	647.55	450.05	67.846	150000.0	1
6,952	647.6	450.05	67.85	150000.0	1
6,953	647.65	450.05	67.854	150000.0	1
6,954	647.7	450.05	67.858	150000.0	1
6,955	647.75	450.05	67.862	150000.0	1
6,956	647.8	450.05	67.866	150000.0	1
6,957	647.85	450.05	67.87	150000.0	1
6,958	647.9	450.05	67.874	150000.0	1
6,959	647.95	450.05	67.878	150000.0	1
6,960	648.0	450.05	67.882	150000.0	1
6,961	648.05	450.05	67.886	150000.0	1
6,962	648.1	450.05	67.89	150000.0	1
6,963	648.15	450.05	67.895	150000.0	1
6,964	648.2	450.05	67.899	150000.0	1
6,965	648.25	450.05	67.903	150000.0	1
6,966	648.3	450.05	67.907	150000.0	1
6,967	648.35	450.05	67.911	150000.0	1
6,968	648.4	450.05	67.915	150000.0	1
6,969	648.45	450.05	67.919	150000.0	1
6,970	648.5	450.05	67.923	150000.0	1
6,971	648.55	450.05	67.927	150000.0	1
6,972	648.6	450.05	67.931	150000.0	1
6,973	648.65	450.05	67.935	150000.0	1
6,974	648.7	450.05	67.939	150000.0	1
6,975	648.75	450.05	67.943	150000.0	1
6,976	648.8	450.05	67.947	150000.0	1
6,977	648.85	450.05	67.952	150000.0	1
6,978	648.9	450.05	67.956	150000.0	1
6,979	648.95	450.05	67.96	150000.0	1
6,980	649.0	450.05	67.964	150000.0	1
6,981	649.05	450.05	67.968	150000.0	1
6,982	649.1	450.05	67.972	150000.0	1
6,983	649.15	450.05	67.976	150000.0	1
6,984	649.2	450.05	67.98	150000.0	1
6,985	649.25	450.05	67.984	150000.0	1
6,986	649.3	450.05	67.988	150000.0	1
6,987	649.35	450.05	67.992	150000.0	1
6,988	649.4	450.05	67.996	150000.0	1
6,989	649.45	450.05	68.0	150000.0	1
6,990	649.5	450.05	68.004	150000.0	1
6,991	649.55	450.05	68.008	150000.0	1
6,992	649.6	450.05	68.013	150000.0	1
6,993	649.65	450.05	68.017	150000.0	1
6,994	649.7	450.05	68.021	150000.0	1
6,995	649.75	450.05	68.025	150000.0	1
6,996	649.8	450.05	68.029	150000.0	1
6,997	649.85	450.05	68.033	150000.0	1
6,998	649.9	450.05	68.037	150000.0	1
6,999	649.95	450.05	68.041	150000.0	1
7,000	650.0	450.05	68.045	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-01).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →