Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

6,801–6,900 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
6,801	640.05	450.05	67.236	150000.0	1
6,802	640.1	450.05	67.24	150000.0	1
6,803	640.15	450.05	67.244	150000.0	1
6,804	640.2	450.05	67.248	150000.0	1
6,805	640.25	450.05	67.252	150000.0	1
6,806	640.3	450.05	67.256	150000.0	1
6,807	640.35	450.05	67.26	150000.0	1
6,808	640.4	450.05	67.264	150000.0	1
6,809	640.45	450.05	67.268	150000.0	1
6,810	640.5	450.05	67.272	150000.0	1
6,811	640.55	450.05	67.276	150000.0	1
6,812	640.6	450.05	67.28	150000.0	1
6,813	640.65	450.05	67.284	150000.0	1
6,814	640.7	450.05	67.288	150000.0	1
6,815	640.75	450.05	67.292	150000.0	1
6,816	640.8	450.05	67.297	150000.0	1
6,817	640.85	450.05	67.301	150000.0	1
6,818	640.9	450.05	67.305	150000.0	1
6,819	640.95	450.05	67.309	150000.0	1
6,820	641.0	450.05	67.313	150000.0	1
6,821	641.05	450.05	67.317	150000.0	1
6,822	641.1	450.05	67.321	150000.0	1
6,823	641.15	450.05	67.325	150000.0	1
6,824	641.2	450.05	67.329	150000.0	1
6,825	641.25	450.05	67.333	150000.0	1
6,826	641.3	450.05	67.337	150000.0	1
6,827	641.35	450.05	67.341	150000.0	1
6,828	641.4	450.05	67.345	150000.0	1
6,829	641.45	450.05	67.349	150000.0	1
6,830	641.5	450.05	67.353	150000.0	1
6,831	641.55	450.05	67.358	150000.0	1
6,832	641.6	450.05	67.362	150000.0	1
6,833	641.65	450.05	67.366	150000.0	1
6,834	641.7	450.05	67.37	150000.0	1
6,835	641.75	450.05	67.374	150000.0	1
6,836	641.8	450.05	67.378	150000.0	1
6,837	641.85	450.05	67.382	150000.0	1
6,838	641.9	450.05	67.386	150000.0	1
6,839	641.95	450.05	67.39	150000.0	1
6,840	642.0	450.05	67.394	150000.0	1
6,841	642.05	450.05	67.398	150000.0	1
6,842	642.1	450.05	67.402	150000.0	1
6,843	642.15	450.05	67.406	150000.0	1
6,844	642.2	450.05	67.41	150000.0	1
6,845	642.25	450.05	67.415	150000.0	1
6,846	642.3	450.05	67.419	150000.0	1
6,847	642.35	450.05	67.423	150000.0	1
6,848	642.4	450.05	67.427	150000.0	1
6,849	642.45	450.05	67.431	150000.0	1
6,850	642.5	450.05	67.435	150000.0	1
6,851	642.55	450.05	67.439	150000.0	1
6,852	642.6	450.05	67.443	150000.0	1
6,853	642.65	450.05	67.447	150000.0	1
6,854	642.7	450.05	67.451	150000.0	1
6,855	642.75	450.05	67.455	150000.0	1
6,856	642.8	450.05	67.459	150000.0	1
6,857	642.85	450.05	67.463	150000.0	1
6,858	642.9	450.05	67.467	150000.0	1
6,859	642.95	450.05	67.471	150000.0	1
6,860	643.0	450.05	67.476	150000.0	1
6,861	643.05	450.05	67.48	150000.0	1
6,862	643.1	450.05	67.484	150000.0	1
6,863	643.15	450.05	67.488	150000.0	1
6,864	643.2	450.05	67.492	150000.0	1
6,865	643.25	450.05	67.496	150000.0	1
6,866	643.3	450.05	67.5	150000.0	1
6,867	643.35	450.05	67.504	150000.0	1
6,868	643.4	450.05	67.508	150000.0	1
6,869	643.45	450.05	67.512	150000.0	1
6,870	643.5	450.05	67.516	150000.0	1
6,871	643.55	450.05	67.52	150000.0	1
6,872	643.6	450.05	67.524	150000.0	1
6,873	643.65	450.05	67.528	150000.0	1
6,874	643.7	450.05	67.532	150000.0	1
6,875	643.75	450.05	67.537	150000.0	1
6,876	643.8	450.05	67.541	150000.0	1
6,877	643.85	450.05	67.545	150000.0	1
6,878	643.9	450.05	67.549	150000.0	1
6,879	643.95	450.05	67.553	150000.0	1
6,880	644.0	450.05	67.557	150000.0	1
6,881	644.05	450.05	67.561	150000.0	1
6,882	644.1	450.05	67.565	150000.0	1
6,883	644.15	450.05	67.569	150000.0	1
6,884	644.2	450.05	67.573	150000.0	1
6,885	644.25	450.05	67.577	150000.0	1
6,886	644.3	450.05	67.581	150000.0	1
6,887	644.35	450.05	67.585	150000.0	1
6,888	644.4	450.05	67.589	150000.0	1
6,889	644.45	450.05	67.594	150000.0	1
6,890	644.5	450.05	67.598	150000.0	1
6,891	644.55	450.05	67.602	150000.0	1
6,892	644.6	450.05	67.606	150000.0	1
6,893	644.65	450.05	67.61	150000.0	1
6,894	644.7	450.05	67.614	150000.0	1
6,895	644.75	450.05	67.618	150000.0	1
6,896	644.8	450.05	67.622	150000.0	1
6,897	644.85	450.05	67.626	150000.0	1
6,898	644.9	450.05	67.63	150000.0	1
6,899	644.95	450.05	67.634	150000.0	1
6,900	645.0	450.05	67.638	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-01).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →