Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour

Step to 150 kW heating power, time constant 12 s. Reaches 63.3 % at t = τ and 95.1 % at 3τ; mean deviation from the analytical solution 0.040 %.

Scenario
2 Heating
Expectation (criterion)
heating rate 0.0814 K/s; PT1 63.2 % at τ, 95.0 % at 3τ
Measurement
63.3 % at τ, 95.1 % at 3τ; mean deviation 0.040 % of maximum power
Result
passed
Rows
6,000
Time range
0.05–300.00 s
Time step
Δt = 0.05 s
Columns
9
Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

    Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

    Column description

    Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

    Columns of the series — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    No.Column (CSV header) UnitTypeMeaning
    1 Zeit (s) s Time axis Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
    2 Füllstand (l) l Process variable Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
    3 Temperatur (°C) °C Process variable Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
    4 Druck (bar) bar Process variable Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
    5 Heizleistung (W) W Process variable Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
    6 B1 Füllstand max — Sensor bit (0/1) Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
    7 B2 Füllstand min — Sensor bit (0/1) Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
    8 B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C — Sensor bit (0/1) Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
    9 B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar — Sensor bit (0/1) Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

    Statistics of the series

    All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

    6,000Rows (calculation steps)
    300.00stime covered
    0.05sTime step Δt
    8recorded quantities
    Statistics per process variable — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    QuantityUnit CountMinimum MaximumMean First valueLast value
    Füllstand l 6,000 450.05constant 450.05 450.050 450.05 450.05
    Temperatur °C 6,000 16.131t = 0.05 s 39.568t = 300.00 s 27.4043 16.131 39.568
    Druck bar 6,000 0.0000t = 0.30 s 0.0072t = 0.05 s 0.0000 0.0072 0.0000
    Heizleistung W 6,000 625.0t = 0.05 s 150,000.0t = 178.60 s 144,025.00 625.0 150,000.0

    Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

    Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    Sensor bit Rows with 1 Share first 1 at then 0 again at Changes
    B1 Füllstand max 6,000 100.000 % 0.05 sfirst row — 0
    B2 Füllstand min 0 0.000 % — — 0
    B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C 0 0.000 % — — 0
    B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar 0 0.000 % — — 0

    1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

    Values

    All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

    501–600 of 6,000 rows Download CSV
    Values — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    No. Zeit (s) Füllstand (l) Temperatur (°C) Druck (bar) Heizleistung (W) B1 Füllstand max B2 Füllstand min B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar
    501 25.05450.0517.3170.0131481.41000
    502 25.1450.0517.3210.0131558.61000
    503 25.15450.0517.3240.0131635.41000
    504 25.2450.0517.3280.0131711.91000
    505 25.25450.0517.3320.0131788.11000
    506 25.3450.0517.3350.0131864.01000
    507 25.35450.0517.3390.0131939.61000
    508 25.4450.0517.3420.0132014.81000
    509 25.45450.0517.3460.0132089.81000
    510 25.5450.0517.3490.0132164.41000
    511 25.55450.0517.3530.0132238.71000
    512 25.6450.0517.3570.0132312.71000
    513 25.65450.0517.360.0132386.41000
    514 25.7450.0517.3640.0132459.81000
    515 25.75450.0517.3670.0132532.91000
    516 25.8450.0517.3710.0132605.71000
    517 25.85450.0517.3750.0132678.21000
    518 25.9450.0517.3780.0132750.31000
    519 25.95450.0517.3820.0132822.21000
    520 26.0450.0517.3850.0132893.81000
    521 26.05450.0517.3890.0132965.11000
    522 26.1450.0517.3930.0133036.01000
    523 26.15450.0517.3960.0133106.71000
    524 26.2450.0517.40.0133177.11000
    525 26.25450.0517.4030.0133247.21000
    526 26.3450.0517.4070.0133317.01000
    527 26.35450.0517.4110.0133386.51000
    528 26.4450.0517.4140.0133455.71000
    529 26.45450.0517.4180.0133524.71000
    530 26.5450.0517.4220.0133593.31000
    531 26.55450.0517.4250.0133661.71000
    532 26.6450.0517.4290.0133729.81000
    533 26.65450.0517.4320.0133797.61000
    534 26.7450.0517.4360.0133865.11000
    535 26.75450.0517.440.0133932.31000
    536 26.8450.0517.4430.0133999.21000
    537 26.85450.0517.4470.0134065.91000
    538 26.9450.0517.4510.0134132.31000
    539 26.95450.0517.4540.0134198.41000
    540 27.0450.0517.4580.0134264.31000
    541 27.05450.0517.4620.0134329.81000
    542 27.1450.0517.4650.0134395.11000
    543 27.15450.0517.4690.0134460.11000
    544 27.2450.0517.4720.0134524.91000
    545 27.25450.0517.4760.0134589.41000
    546 27.3450.0517.480.0134653.61000
    547 27.35450.0517.4830.0134717.51000
    548 27.4450.0517.4870.0134781.21000
    549 27.45450.0517.4910.0134844.61000
    550 27.5450.0517.4940.0134907.81000
    551 27.55450.0517.4980.0134970.61000
    552 27.6450.0517.5020.0135033.31000
    553 27.65450.0517.5050.0135095.61000
    554 27.7450.0517.5090.0135157.71000
    555 27.75450.0517.5130.0135219.61000
    556 27.8450.0517.5160.0135281.21000
    557 27.85450.0517.520.0135342.51000
    558 27.9450.0517.5240.0135403.61000
    559 27.95450.0517.5270.0135464.41000
    560 28.0450.0517.5310.0135524.91000
    561 28.05450.0517.5350.0135585.31000
    562 28.1450.0517.5380.0135645.31000
    563 28.15450.0517.5420.0135705.11000
    564 28.2450.0517.5460.0135764.71000
    565 28.25450.0517.5490.0135824.01000
    566 28.3450.0517.5530.0135883.11000
    567 28.35450.0517.5570.0135941.91000
    568 28.4450.0517.5610.0136000.51000
    569 28.45450.0517.5640.0136058.81000
    570 28.5450.0517.5680.0136116.91000
    571 28.55450.0517.5720.0136174.71000
    572 28.6450.0517.5750.0136232.31000
    573 28.65450.0517.5790.0136289.71000
    574 28.7450.0517.5830.0136346.81000
    575 28.75450.0517.5860.0136403.71000
    576 28.8450.0517.590.0136460.41000
    577 28.85450.0517.5940.0136516.81000
    578 28.9450.0517.5980.0136573.01000
    579 28.95450.0517.6010.0136628.91000
    580 29.0450.0517.6050.0136684.61000
    581 29.05450.0517.6090.0136740.11000
    582 29.1450.0517.6120.0136795.31000
    583 29.15450.0517.6160.0136850.41000
    584 29.2450.0517.620.0136905.21000
    585 29.25450.0517.6230.0136959.71000
    586 29.3450.0517.6270.0137014.11000
    587 29.35450.0517.6310.0137068.21000
    588 29.4450.0517.6350.0137122.01000
    589 29.45450.0517.6380.0137175.71000
    590 29.5450.0517.6420.0137229.11000
    591 29.55450.0517.6460.0137282.41000
    592 29.6450.0517.650.0137335.31000
    593 29.65450.0517.6530.0137388.11000
    594 29.7450.0517.6570.0137440.71000
    595 29.75450.0517.6610.0137493.01000
    596 29.8450.0517.6640.0137545.11000
    597 29.85450.0517.6680.0137597.01000
    598 29.9450.0517.6720.0137648.71000
    599 29.95450.0517.6760.0137700.11000
    600 30.0450.0517.6790.0137751.41000

    Source and citation

    Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

    How to cite

    Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour“ (6,000 rows, time 0.05–300.00 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-2-heizen (accessed 2026-09-30).

    Limits of this data
    • Classification (chapter 10): The deviations are compatible with the discretisation error of the Euler method.
    • Limit: The expectation uses the same parameters (τ = 12 s, 150 kW); what is tested is the implementation of the equations, not their agreement with a real heating element.
    • The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
    • Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

    More datasets

    16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 25,809 rows · 9 columns Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →