Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

24,001–24,100 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
24,001	1500.05	417.92	106.267	0.0	150000.0	1
24,002	1500.1	417.91	106.251	0.3546	150000.0	1
24,003	1500.15	417.91	106.255	0.0	150000.0	1
24,004	1500.2	417.89	106.24	0.0	150000.0	1
24,005	1500.25	417.87	106.224	0.0	150000.0	1
24,006	1500.3	417.85	106.208	0.3459	150000.0	1
24,007	1500.35	417.85	106.213	0.0	150000.0	1
24,008	1500.4	417.83	106.197	0.0	150000.0	1
24,009	1500.45	417.81	106.182	0.0	150000.0	1
24,010	1500.5	417.79	106.166	0.3372	150000.0	1
24,011	1500.55	417.79	106.171	0.0	150000.0	1
24,012	1500.6	417.77	106.155	0.0	150000.0	1
24,013	1500.65	417.75	106.14	0.0	150000.0	1
24,014	1500.7	417.73	106.124	0.3287	150000.0	1
24,015	1500.75	417.73	106.129	0.0	150000.0	1
24,016	1500.8	417.71	106.113	0.0	150000.0	1
24,017	1500.85	417.69	106.098	0.0	150000.0	1
24,018	1500.9	417.68	106.083	0.3202	150000.0	1
24,019	1500.95	417.68	106.087	0.0	150000.0	1
24,020	1501.0	417.66	106.072	0.0	150000.0	1
24,021	1501.05	417.64	106.056	0.0	150000.0	1
24,022	1501.1	417.62	106.041	0.3118	150000.0	1
24,023	1501.15	417.62	106.046	0.0	150000.0	1
24,024	1501.2	417.6	106.03	0.0	150000.0	1
24,025	1501.25	417.58	106.015	0.0	150000.0	1
24,026	1501.3	417.56	106.0	0.3034	150000.0	1
24,027	1501.35	417.56	106.005	0.0	150000.0	1
24,028	1501.4	417.54	105.99	0.0	150000.0	1
24,029	1501.45	417.52	105.975	0.0	150000.0	1
24,030	1501.5	417.51	105.96	0.2951	150000.0	1
24,031	1501.55	417.51	105.964	0.0	150000.0	1
24,032	1501.6	417.49	105.949	0.0	150000.0	1
24,033	1501.65	417.47	105.934	0.0	150000.0	1
24,034	1501.7	417.45	105.919	0.2869	150000.0	1
24,035	1501.75	417.45	105.924	0.0	150000.0	1
24,036	1501.8	417.43	105.909	0.0	150000.0	1
24,037	1501.85	417.41	105.894	0.0	150000.0	1
24,038	1501.9	417.4	105.879	0.2788	150000.0	1
24,039	1501.95	417.4	105.884	0.0	150000.0	1
24,040	1502.0	417.38	105.869	0.0	150000.0	1
24,041	1502.05	417.36	105.854	0.0	150000.0	1
24,042	1502.1	417.34	105.839	0.2708	150000.0	1
24,043	1502.15	417.34	105.844	0.0	150000.0	1
24,044	1502.2	417.32	105.829	0.0	150000.0	1
24,045	1502.25	417.3	105.814	0.0	150000.0	1
24,046	1502.3	417.29	105.8	0.2628	150000.0	1
24,047	1502.35	417.29	105.804	0.0	150000.0	1
24,048	1502.4	417.27	105.79	0.0	150000.0	1
24,049	1502.45	417.25	105.775	0.0	150000.0	1
24,050	1502.5	417.23	105.761	0.2549	150000.0	1
24,051	1502.55	417.23	105.765	0.0	150000.0	1
24,052	1502.6	417.21	105.751	0.0	150000.0	1
24,053	1502.65	417.19	105.736	0.0	150000.0	1
24,054	1502.7	417.18	105.722	0.2471	150000.0	1
24,055	1502.75	417.18	105.726	0.0	150000.0	1
24,056	1502.8	417.16	105.712	0.0	150000.0	1
24,057	1502.85	417.14	105.698	0.0	150000.0	1
24,058	1502.9	417.12	105.683	0.2393	150000.0	1
24,059	1502.95	417.12	105.688	0.0	150000.0	1
24,060	1503.0	417.1	105.674	0.0	150000.0	1
24,061	1503.05	417.09	105.659	0.0	150000.0	1
24,062	1503.1	417.07	105.645	0.2316	150000.0	1
24,063	1503.15	417.07	105.65	0.0	150000.0	1
24,064	1503.2	417.05	105.635	0.0	150000.0	1
24,065	1503.25	417.03	105.621	0.0	150000.0	1
24,066	1503.3	417.02	105.607	0.224	150000.0	1
24,067	1503.35	417.02	105.612	0.0	150000.0	1
24,068	1503.4	417.0	105.598	0.0	150000.0	1
24,069	1503.45	416.98	105.583	0.0	150000.0	1
24,070	1503.5	416.96	105.569	0.2164	150000.0	1
24,071	1503.55	416.94	105.556	0.0	150000.0	1
24,072	1503.6	416.93	105.542	0.0	150000.0	1
24,073	1503.65	416.91	105.528	0.0	150000.0	1
24,074	1503.7	416.89	105.514	0.242	150000.0	1
24,075	1503.75	416.89	105.518	0.0	150000.0	1
24,076	1503.8	416.87	105.505	0.0	150000.0	1
24,077	1503.85	416.86	105.491	0.0	150000.0	1
24,078	1503.9	416.84	105.477	0.2017	150000.0	1
24,079	1503.95	416.82	105.463	0.0	150000.0	1
24,080	1504.0	416.81	105.45	0.0	150000.0	1
24,081	1504.05	416.79	105.436	0.0	150000.0	1
24,082	1504.1	416.77	105.422	0.2236	150000.0	1
24,083	1504.15	416.77	105.427	0.0	150000.0	1
24,084	1504.2	416.75	105.413	0.0	150000.0	1
24,085	1504.25	416.74	105.4	0.0	150000.0	1
24,086	1504.3	416.72	105.386	0.1836	150000.0	1
24,087	1504.35	416.7	105.373	0.0	150000.0	1
24,088	1504.4	416.68	105.359	0.0	150000.0	1
24,089	1504.45	416.67	105.346	0.0	150000.0	1
24,090	1504.5	416.65	105.332	0.2053	150000.0	1
24,091	1504.55	416.63	105.319	0.0	150000.0	1
24,092	1504.6	416.62	105.306	0.0	150000.0	1
24,093	1504.65	416.6	105.293	0.0	150000.0	1
24,094	1504.7	416.58	105.279	0.1977	150000.0	1
24,095	1504.75	416.57	105.266	0.0	150000.0	1
24,096	1504.8	416.55	105.253	0.0	150000.0	1
24,097	1504.85	416.53	105.24	0.0	150000.0	1
24,098	1504.9	416.52	105.227	0.1874	150000.0	1
24,099	1504.95	416.5	105.214	0.0	150000.0	1
24,100	1505.0	416.48	105.201	0.0	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →