Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 4 — Draining

Outflow via Y3, calculated 96.1 s. Measurement: 95.4 s to 1 l, 96.2 s to empty, temperature drift 0 K.

Scenario: 4 Draining
Expectation (criterion): hand calculation 96.1 s
Measurement: 95.4 s to 1 l, 96.2 s to empty; temperature drift 0 K
Result: passed
Rows: 2,200
Time range: 0.05–110.00 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	B2 Füllstand min
1	0.05	449.62	16.131	0
201	10.05	367.22	16.131	0
401	20.05	293.14	16.131	0
601	30.05	227.41	16.131	0
801	40.05	170.0	16.131	0
1,001	50.05	120.93	16.131	0
1,200	60.0	80.37	16.131	0
1,400	70.0	47.93	16.131	1
1,600	80.0	23.82	16.131	1
1,800	90.0	7.94	16.131	1
2,000	100.0	0.0	-0.0	1
2,200	110.0	0.0	-0.0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 4 — Draining

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

2,200Rows (calculation steps)

110.00stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 4 — Draining

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	2,200	0.00t = 96.20 s	449.62t = 0.05 s	141.497	449.62	0.00
Temperatur	°C	2,200	0.000t = 96.20 s	16.131t = 0.05 s	14.1000	16.131	0.000
Druck	bar	2,200	0.0constant	0.0	0.00	0.0	0.0
Heizleistung	W	2,200	0.0constant	0.0	0.00	0.0	0.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 4 — Draining

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B2 Füllstand min	815	37.045 %	69.30 s	—	1
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	0	0.000 %	—	—	0

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

801–900 of 2,200 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 4 — Draining

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)
801	40.05	170.0	16.131
802	40.1	169.73	16.131
803	40.15	169.47	16.131
804	40.2	169.2	16.131
805	40.25	168.94	16.131
806	40.3	168.67	16.131
807	40.35	168.41	16.131
808	40.4	168.14	16.131
809	40.45	167.88	16.131
810	40.5	167.61	16.131
811	40.55	167.35	16.131
812	40.6	167.09	16.131
813	40.65	166.82	16.131
814	40.7	166.56	16.131
815	40.75	166.29	16.131
816	40.8	166.03	16.131
817	40.85	165.77	16.131
818	40.9	165.51	16.131
819	40.95	165.24	16.131
820	41.0	164.98	16.131
821	41.05	164.72	16.131
822	41.1	164.46	16.131
823	41.15	164.2	16.131
824	41.2	163.93	16.131
825	41.25	163.67	16.131
826	41.3	163.41	16.131
827	41.35	163.15	16.131
828	41.4	162.89	16.131
829	41.45	162.63	16.131
830	41.5	162.37	16.131
831	41.55	162.11	16.131
832	41.6	161.85	16.131
833	41.65	161.59	16.131
834	41.7	161.33	16.131
835	41.75	161.07	16.131
836	41.8	160.81	16.131
837	41.85	160.55	16.131
838	41.9	160.29	16.131
839	41.95	160.04	16.131
840	42.0	159.78	16.131
841	42.05	159.52	16.131
842	42.1	159.26	16.131
843	42.15	159.0	16.131
844	42.2	158.75	16.131
845	42.25	158.49	16.131
846	42.3	158.23	16.131
847	42.35	157.98	16.131
848	42.4	157.72	16.131
849	42.45	157.46	16.131
850	42.5	157.21	16.131
851	42.55	156.95	16.131
852	42.6	156.7	16.131
853	42.65	156.44	16.131
854	42.7	156.19	16.131
855	42.75	155.93	16.131
856	42.8	155.68	16.131
857	42.85	155.42	16.131
858	42.9	155.17	16.131
859	42.95	154.91	16.131
860	43.0	154.66	16.131
861	43.05	154.4	16.131
862	43.1	154.15	16.131
863	43.15	153.9	16.131
864	43.2	153.64	16.131
865	43.25	153.39	16.131
866	43.3	153.14	16.131
867	43.35	152.89	16.131
868	43.4	152.63	16.131
869	43.45	152.38	16.131
870	43.5	152.13	16.131
871	43.55	151.88	16.131
872	43.6	151.63	16.131
873	43.65	151.37	16.131
874	43.7	151.12	16.131
875	43.75	150.87	16.131
876	43.8	150.62	16.131
877	43.85	150.37	16.131
878	43.9	150.12	16.131
879	43.95	149.87	16.131
880	44.0	149.62	16.131
881	44.05	149.37	16.131
882	44.1	149.12	16.131
883	44.15	148.87	16.131
884	44.2	148.62	16.131
885	44.25	148.38	16.131
886	44.3	148.13	16.131
887	44.35	147.88	16.131
888	44.4	147.63	16.131
889	44.45	147.38	16.131
890	44.5	147.13	16.131
891	44.55	146.89	16.131
892	44.6	146.64	16.131
893	44.65	146.39	16.131
894	44.7	146.15	16.131
895	44.75	145.9	16.131
896	44.8	145.65	16.131
897	44.85	145.41	16.131
898	44.9	145.16	16.131
899	44.95	144.91	16.131
900	45.0	144.67	16.131

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 4 — Draining“ (2,200 rows, time 0.05–110.00 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-4-entleeren (accessed 2026-11-14).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): The hand calculation gives 96.1 s and lies between the two measuring points; up to “empty” the difference is 0.1 s, i.e. two calculation steps.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 25,809 rows · 9 columns Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →