Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 4 — Draining

Outflow via Y3, calculated 96.1 s. Measurement: 95.4 s to 1 l, 96.2 s to empty, temperature drift 0 K.

Scenario: 4 Draining
Expectation (criterion): hand calculation 96.1 s
Measurement: 95.4 s to 1 l, 96.2 s to empty; temperature drift 0 K
Result: passed
Rows: 2,200
Time range: 0.05–110.00 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	B2 Füllstand min
1	0.05	449.62	16.131	0
201	10.05	367.22	16.131	0
401	20.05	293.14	16.131	0
601	30.05	227.41	16.131	0
801	40.05	170.0	16.131	0
1,001	50.05	120.93	16.131	0
1,200	60.0	80.37	16.131	0
1,400	70.0	47.93	16.131	1
1,600	80.0	23.82	16.131	1
1,800	90.0	7.94	16.131	1
2,000	100.0	0.0	-0.0	1
2,200	110.0	0.0	-0.0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 4 — Draining

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

2,200Rows (calculation steps)

110.00stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 4 — Draining

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	2,200	0.00t = 96.20 s	449.62t = 0.05 s	141.497	449.62	0.00
Temperatur	°C	2,200	0.000t = 96.20 s	16.131t = 0.05 s	14.1000	16.131	0.000
Druck	bar	2,200	0.0constant	0.0	0.00	0.0	0.0
Heizleistung	W	2,200	0.0constant	0.0	0.00	0.0	0.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 4 — Draining

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B2 Füllstand min	815	37.045 %	69.30 s	—	1
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	0	0.000 %	—	—	0

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

701–800 of 2,200 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 4 — Draining

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)
701	35.05	197.66	16.131
702	35.1	197.38	16.131
703	35.15	197.09	16.131
704	35.2	196.8	16.131
705	35.25	196.52	16.131
706	35.3	196.23	16.131
707	35.35	195.94	16.131
708	35.4	195.66	16.131
709	35.45	195.37	16.131
710	35.5	195.09	16.131
711	35.55	194.8	16.131
712	35.6	194.52	16.131
713	35.65	194.23	16.131
714	35.7	193.95	16.131
715	35.75	193.66	16.131
716	35.8	193.38	16.131
717	35.85	193.1	16.131
718	35.9	192.81	16.131
719	35.95	192.53	16.131
720	36.0	192.25	16.131
721	36.05	191.96	16.131
722	36.1	191.68	16.131
723	36.15	191.4	16.131
724	36.2	191.12	16.131
725	36.25	190.83	16.131
726	36.3	190.55	16.131
727	36.35	190.27	16.131
728	36.4	189.99	16.131
729	36.45	189.71	16.131
730	36.5	189.43	16.131
731	36.55	189.15	16.131
732	36.6	188.86	16.131
733	36.65	188.58	16.131
734	36.7	188.3	16.131
735	36.75	188.02	16.131
736	36.8	187.74	16.131
737	36.85	187.46	16.131
738	36.9	187.18	16.131
739	36.95	186.91	16.131
740	37.0	186.63	16.131
741	37.05	186.35	16.131
742	37.1	186.07	16.131
743	37.15	185.79	16.131
744	37.2	185.51	16.131
745	37.25	185.23	16.131
746	37.3	184.96	16.131
747	37.35	184.68	16.131
748	37.4	184.4	16.131
749	37.45	184.12	16.131
750	37.5	183.85	16.131
751	37.55	183.57	16.131
752	37.6	183.29	16.131
753	37.65	183.02	16.131
754	37.7	182.74	16.131
755	37.75	182.47	16.131
756	37.8	182.19	16.131
757	37.85	181.92	16.131
758	37.9	181.64	16.131
759	37.95	181.36	16.131
760	38.0	181.09	16.131
761	38.05	180.82	16.131
762	38.1	180.54	16.131
763	38.15	180.27	16.131
764	38.2	179.99	16.131
765	38.25	179.72	16.131
766	38.3	179.45	16.131
767	38.35	179.17	16.131
768	38.4	178.9	16.131
769	38.45	178.63	16.131
770	38.5	178.35	16.131
771	38.55	178.08	16.131
772	38.6	177.81	16.131
773	38.65	177.54	16.131
774	38.7	177.26	16.131
775	38.75	176.99	16.131
776	38.8	176.72	16.131
777	38.85	176.45	16.131
778	38.9	176.18	16.131
779	38.95	175.91	16.131
780	39.0	175.64	16.131
781	39.05	175.37	16.131
782	39.1	175.1	16.131
783	39.15	174.83	16.131
784	39.2	174.56	16.131
785	39.25	174.29	16.131
786	39.3	174.02	16.131
787	39.35	173.75	16.131
788	39.4	173.48	16.131
789	39.45	173.21	16.131
790	39.5	172.94	16.131
791	39.55	172.67	16.131
792	39.6	172.41	16.131
793	39.65	172.14	16.131
794	39.7	171.87	16.131
795	39.75	171.6	16.131
796	39.8	171.33	16.131
797	39.85	171.07	16.131
798	39.9	170.8	16.131
799	39.95	170.53	16.131
800	40.0	170.27	16.131

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 4 — Draining“ (2,200 rows, time 0.05–110.00 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-4-entleeren (accessed 2026-11-14).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): The hand calculation gives 96.1 s and lies between the two measuring points; up to “empty” the difference is 0.1 s, i.e. two calculation steps.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 25,809 rows · 9 columns Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →