Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

6,001–6,100 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
6,001	600.05	450.05	63.981	150000.0	1
6,002	600.1	450.05	63.985	150000.0	1
6,003	600.15	450.05	63.989	150000.0	1
6,004	600.2	450.05	63.993	150000.0	1
6,005	600.25	450.05	63.997	150000.0	1
6,006	600.3	450.05	64.001	150000.0	1
6,007	600.35	450.05	64.005	150000.0	1
6,008	600.4	450.05	64.009	150000.0	1
6,009	600.45	450.05	64.014	150000.0	1
6,010	600.5	450.05	64.018	150000.0	1
6,011	600.55	450.05	64.022	150000.0	1
6,012	600.6	450.05	64.026	150000.0	1
6,013	600.65	450.05	64.03	150000.0	1
6,014	600.7	450.05	64.034	150000.0	1
6,015	600.75	450.05	64.038	150000.0	1
6,016	600.8	450.05	64.042	150000.0	1
6,017	600.85	450.05	64.046	150000.0	1
6,018	600.9	450.05	64.05	150000.0	1
6,019	600.95	450.05	64.054	150000.0	1
6,020	601.0	450.05	64.058	150000.0	1
6,021	601.05	450.05	64.062	150000.0	1
6,022	601.1	450.05	64.066	150000.0	1
6,023	601.15	450.05	64.07	150000.0	1
6,024	601.2	450.05	64.075	150000.0	1
6,025	601.25	450.05	64.079	150000.0	1
6,026	601.3	450.05	64.083	150000.0	1
6,027	601.35	450.05	64.087	150000.0	1
6,028	601.4	450.05	64.091	150000.0	1
6,029	601.45	450.05	64.095	150000.0	1
6,030	601.5	450.05	64.099	150000.0	1
6,031	601.55	450.05	64.103	150000.0	1
6,032	601.6	450.05	64.107	150000.0	1
6,033	601.65	450.05	64.111	150000.0	1
6,034	601.7	450.05	64.115	150000.0	1
6,035	601.75	450.05	64.119	150000.0	1
6,036	601.8	450.05	64.123	150000.0	1
6,037	601.85	450.05	64.127	150000.0	1
6,038	601.9	450.05	64.132	150000.0	1
6,039	601.95	450.05	64.136	150000.0	1
6,040	602.0	450.05	64.14	150000.0	1
6,041	602.05	450.05	64.144	150000.0	1
6,042	602.1	450.05	64.148	150000.0	1
6,043	602.15	450.05	64.152	150000.0	1
6,044	602.2	450.05	64.156	150000.0	1
6,045	602.25	450.05	64.16	150000.0	1
6,046	602.3	450.05	64.164	150000.0	1
6,047	602.35	450.05	64.168	150000.0	1
6,048	602.4	450.05	64.172	150000.0	1
6,049	602.45	450.05	64.176	150000.0	1
6,050	602.5	450.05	64.18	150000.0	1
6,051	602.55	450.05	64.184	150000.0	1
6,052	602.6	450.05	64.188	150000.0	1
6,053	602.65	450.05	64.193	150000.0	1
6,054	602.7	450.05	64.197	150000.0	1
6,055	602.75	450.05	64.201	150000.0	1
6,056	602.8	450.05	64.205	150000.0	1
6,057	602.85	450.05	64.209	150000.0	1
6,058	602.9	450.05	64.213	150000.0	1
6,059	602.95	450.05	64.217	150000.0	1
6,060	603.0	450.05	64.221	150000.0	1
6,061	603.05	450.05	64.225	150000.0	1
6,062	603.1	450.05	64.229	150000.0	1
6,063	603.15	450.05	64.233	150000.0	1
6,064	603.2	450.05	64.237	150000.0	1
6,065	603.25	450.05	64.241	150000.0	1
6,066	603.3	450.05	64.245	150000.0	1
6,067	603.35	450.05	64.249	150000.0	1
6,068	603.4	450.05	64.254	150000.0	1
6,069	603.45	450.05	64.258	150000.0	1
6,070	603.5	450.05	64.262	150000.0	1
6,071	603.55	450.05	64.266	150000.0	1
6,072	603.6	450.05	64.27	150000.0	1
6,073	603.65	450.05	64.274	150000.0	1
6,074	603.7	450.05	64.278	150000.0	1
6,075	603.75	450.05	64.282	150000.0	1
6,076	603.8	450.05	64.286	150000.0	1
6,077	603.85	450.05	64.29	150000.0	1
6,078	603.9	450.05	64.294	150000.0	1
6,079	603.95	450.05	64.298	150000.0	1
6,080	604.0	450.05	64.302	150000.0	1
6,081	604.05	450.05	64.306	150000.0	1
6,082	604.1	450.05	64.311	150000.0	1
6,083	604.15	450.05	64.315	150000.0	1
6,084	604.2	450.05	64.319	150000.0	1
6,085	604.25	450.05	64.323	150000.0	1
6,086	604.3	450.05	64.327	150000.0	1
6,087	604.35	450.05	64.331	150000.0	1
6,088	604.4	450.05	64.335	150000.0	1
6,089	604.45	450.05	64.339	150000.0	1
6,090	604.5	450.05	64.343	150000.0	1
6,091	604.55	450.05	64.347	150000.0	1
6,092	604.6	450.05	64.351	150000.0	1
6,093	604.65	450.05	64.355	150000.0	1
6,094	604.7	450.05	64.359	150000.0	1
6,095	604.75	450.05	64.363	150000.0	1
6,096	604.8	450.05	64.367	150000.0	1
6,097	604.85	450.05	64.372	150000.0	1
6,098	604.9	450.05	64.376	150000.0	1
6,099	604.95	450.05	64.38	150000.0	1
6,100	605.0	450.05	64.384	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-01).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →