Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

4,001–4,100 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
4,001	500.05	450.05	55.845	150000.0	1
4,002	500.1	450.05	55.849	150000.0	1
4,003	500.15	450.05	55.853	150000.0	1
4,004	500.2	450.05	55.857	150000.0	1
4,005	500.25	450.05	55.861	150000.0	1
4,006	500.3	450.05	55.865	150000.0	1
4,007	500.35	450.05	55.869	150000.0	1
4,008	500.4	450.05	55.873	150000.0	1
4,009	500.45	450.05	55.877	150000.0	1
4,010	500.5	450.05	55.881	150000.0	1
4,011	500.55	450.05	55.885	150000.0	1
4,012	500.6	450.05	55.889	150000.0	1
4,013	500.65	450.05	55.894	150000.0	1
4,014	500.7	450.05	55.898	150000.0	1
4,015	500.75	450.05	55.902	150000.0	1
4,016	500.8	450.05	55.906	150000.0	1
4,017	500.85	450.05	55.91	150000.0	1
4,018	500.9	450.05	55.914	150000.0	1
4,019	500.95	450.05	55.918	150000.0	1
4,020	501.0	450.05	55.922	150000.0	1
4,021	501.05	450.05	55.926	150000.0	1
4,022	501.1	450.05	55.93	150000.0	1
4,023	501.15	450.05	55.934	150000.0	1
4,024	501.2	450.05	55.938	150000.0	1
4,025	501.25	450.05	55.942	150000.0	1
4,026	501.3	450.05	55.946	150000.0	1
4,027	501.35	450.05	55.95	150000.0	1
4,028	501.4	450.05	55.955	150000.0	1
4,029	501.45	450.05	55.959	150000.0	1
4,030	501.5	450.05	55.963	150000.0	1
4,031	501.55	450.05	55.967	150000.0	1
4,032	501.6	450.05	55.971	150000.0	1
4,033	501.65	450.05	55.975	150000.0	1
4,034	501.7	450.05	55.979	150000.0	1
4,035	501.75	450.05	55.983	150000.0	1
4,036	501.8	450.05	55.987	150000.0	1
4,037	501.85	450.05	55.991	150000.0	1
4,038	501.9	450.05	55.995	150000.0	1
4,039	501.95	450.05	55.999	150000.0	1
4,040	502.0	450.05	56.003	150000.0	1
4,041	502.05	450.05	56.007	150000.0	1
4,042	502.1	450.05	56.011	150000.0	1
4,043	502.15	450.05	56.016	150000.0	1
4,044	502.2	450.05	56.02	150000.0	1
4,045	502.25	450.05	56.024	150000.0	1
4,046	502.3	450.05	56.028	150000.0	1
4,047	502.35	450.05	56.032	150000.0	1
4,048	502.4	450.05	56.036	150000.0	1
4,049	502.45	450.05	56.04	150000.0	1
4,050	502.5	450.05	56.044	150000.0	1
4,051	502.55	450.05	56.048	150000.0	1
4,052	502.6	450.05	56.052	150000.0	1
4,053	502.65	450.05	56.056	150000.0	1
4,054	502.7	450.05	56.06	150000.0	1
4,055	502.75	450.05	56.064	150000.0	1
4,056	502.8	450.05	56.068	150000.0	1
4,057	502.85	450.05	56.073	150000.0	1
4,058	502.9	450.05	56.077	150000.0	1
4,059	502.95	450.05	56.081	150000.0	1
4,060	503.0	450.05	56.085	150000.0	1
4,061	503.05	450.05	56.089	150000.0	1
4,062	503.1	450.05	56.093	150000.0	1
4,063	503.15	450.05	56.097	150000.0	1
4,064	503.2	450.05	56.101	150000.0	1
4,065	503.25	450.05	56.105	150000.0	1
4,066	503.3	450.05	56.109	150000.0	1
4,067	503.35	450.05	56.113	150000.0	1
4,068	503.4	450.05	56.117	150000.0	1
4,069	503.45	450.05	56.121	150000.0	1
4,070	503.5	450.05	56.125	150000.0	1
4,071	503.55	450.05	56.129	150000.0	1
4,072	503.6	450.05	56.134	150000.0	1
4,073	503.65	450.05	56.138	150000.0	1
4,074	503.7	450.05	56.142	150000.0	1
4,075	503.75	450.05	56.146	150000.0	1
4,076	503.8	450.05	56.15	150000.0	1
4,077	503.85	450.05	56.154	150000.0	1
4,078	503.9	450.05	56.158	150000.0	1
4,079	503.95	450.05	56.162	150000.0	1
4,080	504.0	450.05	56.166	150000.0	1
4,081	504.05	450.05	56.17	150000.0	1
4,082	504.1	450.05	56.174	150000.0	1
4,083	504.15	450.05	56.178	150000.0	1
4,084	504.2	450.05	56.182	150000.0	1
4,085	504.25	450.05	56.186	150000.0	1
4,086	504.3	450.05	56.19	150000.0	1
4,087	504.35	450.05	56.195	150000.0	1
4,088	504.4	450.05	56.199	150000.0	1
4,089	504.45	450.05	56.203	150000.0	1
4,090	504.5	450.05	56.207	150000.0	1
4,091	504.55	450.05	56.211	150000.0	1
4,092	504.6	450.05	56.215	150000.0	1
4,093	504.65	450.05	56.219	150000.0	1
4,094	504.7	450.05	56.223	150000.0	1
4,095	504.75	450.05	56.227	150000.0	1
4,096	504.8	450.05	56.231	150000.0	1
4,097	504.85	450.05	56.235	150000.0	1
4,098	504.9	450.05	56.239	150000.0	1
4,099	504.95	450.05	56.243	150000.0	1
4,100	505.0	450.05	56.247	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →