Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	B1 Füllstand max
1	0.05	101.96	19.994	0.0081	0
274	13.7	136.79	18.722	0.0089	0
546	27.3	171.48	17.969	0.0093	0
819	40.95	206.3	17.468	0.0095	0
1,092	54.6	241.12	17.112	0.0096	0
1,364	68.2	275.82	16.846	0.0097	0
1,637	81.85	310.64	16.639	0.0097	0
1,909	95.45	345.33	16.474	0.0098	0
2,182	109.1	380.15	16.339	0.0098	0
2,455	122.75	414.97	16.227	0.0098	0
2,727	136.35	449.67	16.132	0.0098	0
3,000	150.0	484.49	16.051	0.0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 1 — Filling

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

3,000Rows (calculation steps)

150.00stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 1 — Filling

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	3,000	101.96t = 0.05 s	484.49t = 150.00 s	293.227	101.96	484.49
Temperatur	°C	3,000	16.051t = 149.95 s	19.994t = 0.05 s	17.0748	19.994	16.051
Druck	bar	3,000	0.0000t = 148.35 s	0.0099t = 141.60 s	0.0094	0.0081	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	3,000	0.0constant	0.0	0.00	0.0	0.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 1 — Filling

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	271	9.033 %	136.50 s	—	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	0	0.000 %	—	—	0

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

301–400 of 3,000 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 1 — Filling

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)
301	15.05	140.23	18.631	0.009
302	15.1	140.36	18.628	0.009
303	15.15	140.48	18.624	0.009
304	15.2	140.61	18.621	0.009
305	15.25	140.74	18.618	0.009
306	15.3	140.87	18.615	0.009
307	15.35	140.99	18.611	0.009
308	15.4	141.12	18.608	0.009
309	15.45	141.25	18.605	0.009
310	15.5	141.38	18.602	0.009
311	15.55	141.51	18.598	0.009
312	15.6	141.63	18.595	0.009
313	15.65	141.76	18.592	0.009
314	15.7	141.89	18.589	0.009
315	15.75	142.02	18.585	0.009
316	15.8	142.14	18.582	0.009
317	15.85	142.27	18.579	0.009
318	15.9	142.4	18.576	0.009
319	15.95	142.53	18.573	0.009
320	16.0	142.65	18.569	0.009
321	16.05	142.78	18.566	0.009
322	16.1	142.91	18.563	0.009
323	16.15	143.04	18.56	0.009
324	16.2	143.16	18.557	0.009
325	16.25	143.29	18.553	0.009
326	16.3	143.42	18.55	0.009
327	16.35	143.55	18.547	0.009
328	16.4	143.67	18.544	0.009
329	16.45	143.8	18.541	0.009
330	16.5	143.93	18.538	0.009
331	16.55	144.06	18.535	0.009
332	16.6	144.18	18.531	0.009
333	16.65	144.31	18.528	0.009
334	16.7	144.44	18.525	0.009
335	16.75	144.57	18.522	0.009
336	16.8	144.69	18.519	0.009
337	16.85	144.82	18.516	0.009
338	16.9	144.95	18.513	0.009
339	16.95	145.08	18.51	0.009
340	17.0	145.2	18.507	0.009
341	17.05	145.33	18.504	0.009
342	17.1	145.46	18.501	0.009
343	17.15	145.59	18.497	0.009
344	17.2	145.71	18.494	0.009
345	17.25	145.84	18.491	0.009
346	17.3	145.97	18.488	0.009
347	17.35	146.1	18.485	0.009
348	17.4	146.22	18.482	0.009
349	17.45	146.35	18.479	0.0091
350	17.5	146.48	18.476	0.0091
351	17.55	146.61	18.473	0.0091
352	17.6	146.73	18.47	0.0091
353	17.65	146.86	18.467	0.0091
354	17.7	146.99	18.464	0.0091
355	17.75	147.12	18.461	0.0091
356	17.8	147.24	18.458	0.0091
357	17.85	147.37	18.455	0.0091
358	17.9	147.5	18.452	0.0091
359	17.95	147.63	18.449	0.0091
360	18.0	147.76	18.446	0.0091
361	18.05	147.88	18.443	0.0091
362	18.1	148.01	18.44	0.0091
363	18.15	148.14	18.437	0.0091
364	18.2	148.27	18.434	0.0091
365	18.25	148.39	18.431	0.0091
366	18.3	148.52	18.428	0.0091
367	18.35	148.65	18.425	0.0091
368	18.4	148.78	18.422	0.0091
369	18.45	148.9	18.42	0.0091
370	18.5	149.03	18.417	0.0091
371	18.55	149.16	18.414	0.0091
372	18.6	149.29	18.411	0.0091
373	18.65	149.41	18.408	0.0091
374	18.7	149.54	18.405	0.0091
375	18.75	149.67	18.402	0.0091
376	18.8	149.8	18.399	0.0091
377	18.85	149.92	18.396	0.0091
378	18.9	150.05	18.393	0.0091
379	18.95	150.18	18.391	0.0091
380	19.0	150.31	18.388	0.0091
381	19.05	150.43	18.385	0.0091
382	19.1	150.56	18.382	0.0091
383	19.15	150.69	18.379	0.0091
384	19.2	150.82	18.376	0.0091
385	19.25	150.94	18.373	0.0091
386	19.3	151.07	18.37	0.0091
387	19.35	151.2	18.368	0.0091
388	19.4	151.33	18.365	0.0091
389	19.45	151.45	18.362	0.0091
390	19.5	151.58	18.359	0.0091
391	19.55	151.71	18.356	0.0091
392	19.6	151.84	18.353	0.0091
393	19.65	151.96	18.351	0.0091
394	19.7	152.09	18.348	0.0091
395	19.75	152.22	18.345	0.0091
396	19.8	152.35	18.342	0.0091
397	19.85	152.47	18.339	0.0091
398	19.9	152.6	18.337	0.0091
399	19.95	152.73	18.334	0.0091
400	20.0	152.86	18.331	0.0091

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 1 — Filling“ (3,000 rows, time 0.05–150.00 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-1-befuellung (accessed 2026-11-14).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): Direction and order of magnitude agree; B1 switches when 450 l is reached.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 25,809 rows · 9 columns Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →