Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank

Heating command on an empty tank: 1200 steps without runtime error, B1 = 0 and B2 = 1 throughout.

Scenario: 5 Edge case: empty tank
Expectation (criterion): no runtime error, no exception
Measurement: 1200 steps without runtime error; B1 = 0, B2 = 1
Result: passed
Rows: 1,200
Time range: 0.05–60.00 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Temperatur (°C)	B2 Füllstand min
1	0.05	-0.0	1
110	5.5	-0.0	1
219	10.95	-0.0	1
328	16.4	-0.0	1
437	21.85	-0.0	1
546	27.3	-0.0	1
655	32.75	-0.0	1
764	38.2	-0.0	1
873	43.65	-0.0	1
982	49.1	-0.0	1
1,091	54.55	-0.0	1
1,200	60.0	-0.0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

1,200Rows (calculation steps)

60.00stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum
Füllstand	l	1,200	0.0constant
Temperatur	°C	1,200	0.0constant
Druck	bar	1,200	0.0constant
Heizleistung	W	1,200	0.0constant

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at
B1 Füllstand max	0	0.000 %	—	—
B2 Füllstand min	1,200	100.000 %	0.05 sfirst row	—
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	0	0.000 %	—	—
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	0	0.000 %	—	—

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

401–500 of 1,200 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank

No.	Zeit (s)	Temperatur (°C)	B2 Füllstand min
401	20.05	-0.0	1
402	20.1	-0.0	1
403	20.15	-0.0	1
404	20.2	-0.0	1
405	20.25	-0.0	1
406	20.3	-0.0	1
407	20.35	-0.0	1
408	20.4	-0.0	1
409	20.45	-0.0	1
410	20.5	-0.0	1
411	20.55	-0.0	1
412	20.6	-0.0	1
413	20.65	-0.0	1
414	20.7	-0.0	1
415	20.75	-0.0	1
416	20.8	-0.0	1
417	20.85	-0.0	1
418	20.9	-0.0	1
419	20.95	-0.0	1
420	21.0	-0.0	1
421	21.05	-0.0	1
422	21.1	-0.0	1
423	21.15	-0.0	1
424	21.2	-0.0	1
425	21.25	-0.0	1
426	21.3	-0.0	1
427	21.35	-0.0	1
428	21.4	-0.0	1
429	21.45	-0.0	1
430	21.5	-0.0	1
431	21.55	-0.0	1
432	21.6	-0.0	1
433	21.65	-0.0	1
434	21.7	-0.0	1
435	21.75	-0.0	1
436	21.8	-0.0	1
437	21.85	-0.0	1
438	21.9	-0.0	1
439	21.95	-0.0	1
440	22.0	-0.0	1
441	22.05	-0.0	1
442	22.1	-0.0	1
443	22.15	-0.0	1
444	22.2	-0.0	1
445	22.25	-0.0	1
446	22.3	-0.0	1
447	22.35	-0.0	1
448	22.4	-0.0	1
449	22.45	-0.0	1
450	22.5	-0.0	1
451	22.55	-0.0	1
452	22.6	-0.0	1
453	22.65	-0.0	1
454	22.7	-0.0	1
455	22.75	-0.0	1
456	22.8	-0.0	1
457	22.85	-0.0	1
458	22.9	-0.0	1
459	22.95	-0.0	1
460	23.0	-0.0	1
461	23.05	-0.0	1
462	23.1	-0.0	1
463	23.15	-0.0	1
464	23.2	-0.0	1
465	23.25	-0.0	1
466	23.3	-0.0	1
467	23.35	-0.0	1
468	23.4	-0.0	1
469	23.45	-0.0	1
470	23.5	-0.0	1
471	23.55	-0.0	1
472	23.6	-0.0	1
473	23.65	-0.0	1
474	23.7	-0.0	1
475	23.75	-0.0	1
476	23.8	-0.0	1
477	23.85	-0.0	1
478	23.9	-0.0	1
479	23.95	-0.0	1
480	24.0	-0.0	1
481	24.05	-0.0	1
482	24.1	-0.0	1
483	24.15	-0.0	1
484	24.2	-0.0	1
485	24.25	-0.0	1
486	24.3	-0.0	1
487	24.35	-0.0	1
488	24.4	-0.0	1
489	24.45	-0.0	1
490	24.5	-0.0	1
491	24.55	-0.0	1
492	24.6	-0.0	1
493	24.65	-0.0	1
494	24.7	-0.0	1
495	24.75	-0.0	1
496	24.8	-0.0	1
497	24.85	-0.0	1
498	24.9	-0.0	1
499	24.95	-0.0	1
500	25.0	-0.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank“ (1,200 rows, time 0.05–60.00 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-5-grenzfall (accessed 2026-11-14).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): The model handles the edge case without aborting; the criterion is the absence of an error.
Limit: The published series contains only model quantities and sensor bits; the absence of a runtime error is documented in the test log, not in the rows.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 25,809 rows · 9 columns Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →